This is an alphabetical list of all the annotated images.

This text can be searched by using LSearch. Enter a keyword IN ALL LOWER CASE in the box below and press SUBMIT. The list of HTM pages will be those containing the keyword. Click on them to see the full text and image.

All these pictures were collected from the following oblasti, raiony, towns, or villages:

 baryshivs'kyi, bilotserkivs'kyi, bohodukhivka, boryspil, brovarivs'kyi, burimka, cherkas'ka, cherkas'kyi, cherkasy, chernihivs'ka, chornobais'kyi, chyhyryn, chyhyryns'kyi, den'hy, dobranychivka, domantovo, drabivs'kyi, horodyshchens'kyi, hrebel'ky, hrechkivka, iabluniv, iablunivka, iahotnys'kyi, iahotyn, iavorivka, kaniv, kanivs'kyi, kharkiv, kharkivs'ka, kharkivs'kyi, khutir, kolesnyki, korolivka, krasnokhyzhyntsi, kropyvne, krut'ky, kyiiv, kyiivs'ka, kyivs'ka, kyivs'kyi, kyiivs'kyi, kyiv, lozivok, lubens'kyi, l'viv, l'vivs'ka, l'vivs'kyi, lytviaky, makarivs'kyi, melnyky, mliiiv, mryn, nizhen, nizhens'kyi, nosivs'kyi, pereiaslav, khmel'nyts'kyi, pereiaslavs'kyi, ploske, pluzhnyky, poltavs'ka, selychivky, shpolians'kyi, smilians'kyi, svidyvok, svitylne, topyl'ne, uzviz, velika burimka, velykyi khutir, vovchyk, zolotonis'kyi.

The text can also be searched by place (you can highlight the word, copy and paste into the box below) BUT THE SEARCH ENGINE IGNORES ' SO krut'ky WILL RESULT IN HITS FOR krut and ky (LOTS!!). To search for krut'ky just enter krut.

Liubov' Lutchenko, an informant who provided basic life cycle information and some interesting information about courtship rituals and testing for virginity. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion --Bohodukhivka. Boho0052

Liubov' Lutchenko and her family Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion --Bohodukhivka. Boho0058

Boryspil road outside of Kyiv. Villagers selling produce by the roadside. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Boryspil. Bory0539

A rynok or outdoor market. Villagers typically bring their produce to sell at these city markets. The rynok is a modern day equivalent of the fair where people buy clothing, household goods, and toys, mostly imported from the Middle East. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Cherkasy. Cher0050

World War II memorial statue on a mount overlooking the Dnipro river, or, more accurately, the artificial lake created by the Kremenchuk dam. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Cherkasy. Cher0051

An old unquiet dead towel from the Cherkas'ka oblast collected by Halyna Vasylivna Kapas. Date of manufacture of the towel is probably at some point during the second World War. The craftswoman of the towel is unknown, although according to the inscription on the towel, it was the sister of the deceased. Such towels are made for those who died violently and before their time, especially those who died unwed, such as soldiers. They were supposed to give such people peace and let their souls rest after death. The towels were not for display. They were made and then stored. Their purpose was not decoration, but the peace of the deceased. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast'. Cher010214160050

A wedding towel, probably from the 1950s. The craftswoman who made the towel is not known. It was collected in the Cherkas'ka oblast by Halyna Vasylivna Kapas. This was probably the towel on which the couple stood to take their vows and it was probably made by the bride. The towel has a tree of life in the center, wedding wreaths on the side, and a row of roses for beauty and fertility below. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast'. Cher010214160629

A rynok or outdoor market. Villagers bring their produce to sell in the city markets. They also buy manufactured goods which are not available in villages. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Cherkasy. Cher0125

City of Cherkasy. A wedding salon which sells dresses, rushnyky (ritual towels), icons, and veils. Pictured here is a clerk with a selection of dresses. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Cherkasy. Cher0153

City of Cherkasy. A wedding salon. The dress in the window, perhaps their best item? Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Cherkasy. Cher0154

City of Cherkasy. A wedding salon. The owner tells about the selection Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Cherkasy. Cher0155

City of Cherkasy. A wedding salon. Another group of dresses for sale. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Cherkasy. Cher0156

City of Cherkasy. The ZAGS or wedding palace, which was the only place to get married during the Soviet era. It is still the place for civil weddings today. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Cherkasy. Cher0157

City of Cherkasy. A funeral parlor and their selection of coffins. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Cherkasy. Cher0158

City of Cherkasy. A funeral parlor and their selection of funerary flowers: these are artificial and made of paper. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Cherkasy. Cher0159

City of Cherkasy. A funeral parlor and another selection of funerary flowers. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Cherkasy. Cher0160

City of Cherkasy. A funeral parlor and another selection of coffins. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Cherkasy. Cher0161

Home of Halyna Kornienko, a folklorist. Pictured are her two daughters and the driver, Andrii. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Cherkasy. Cher0221

In the home of Halyna Kornienko. Pictured are Halyna and her husband Mykola, two folklorists. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Cherkasy. Cher0222

In the home of Halyna Kornienko. Pictured are Halyna, her husband Mykola, and Natalie Kononenko. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Cherkasy. Cher0223

The museum in Chyhyryn. The photo shows the blanks that would have been used by a master to make a bandura. The bandura is considered to be the national instrument of Ukraine: it is an asymmetrical lute that is plucked and strummed. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chyhyryns'kyi raion -- Chyhyryn. Chyh0042

The museum in Chyhyryn. The photo shows a funeral rushnyk or ritual towel of the type used for soldiers killed in battle. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chyhyryns'kyi raion -- Chyhyryn. Chyh0043

The museum in Chyhyryn. Iakiv Briukhovets'kyi, master potter, at his kiln. He has a workshop next to the museum. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chyhyryns'kyi raion -- Chyhyryn. Chyh0044

The statue of Bohdan Khmel'nyts'kyi on top of the hill where his fortress once stood. The fortress itself dates back long before Khmel'nyts'kyi. Pieces of the stone work are still visible but no restoration is being done on it at the moment. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chyhyryns'kyi raion -- Chyhyryn. Chyh0045

Mariia Petrova, an informant who provided a limited amount of life cycle information. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Den'hy. Den0098

Anastiia Savchenko, an informant who provided a limited amount of life cycle information. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Den'hy. Den0099

Ol'ha Hirka, an informant who provided more detailed life cycle information. She also officiates in life cycle rituals: she is invited to all of the funerals in the village and has her own Psalter. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Den'hy. Den0100

In the home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, born 1941. This is the summer house which is separate from the main khata and will be used primarily by the grandparents, namely Ol'ha Mykhailivna and her husband. The house has many interesting traditional features: dirt floor covered with fragrant grasses, a large bench next to the stove for sleeping. This is also the area where Ol'ha Mykhailivna places her grandchildren whom she watches all day while her daughter-in-law works at the store, one of the few salaried jobs in the village. Also note the rug on the wall and the benches. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr010219153031

The home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, born 1941. This is Ol'ha Mykhailivna and her grandson. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr010220131342

The two grandchildren of Ol'ha Mykhailivna Kobets'. As there are no diapers, the boy runs around without pants almost all of the time and pees wherever. He is encouraged to use the potty which stands in the main house near the crib where he sleeps, but seldom does so. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr010220133456

The home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, born 1941. This is the entryway to the podval, used for cold storage. Root crops such as carrots, beets, and potatoes are kept there, as well as cabbage and canned goods. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr010220134030

The home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, born 1941. A traditional plaited fence made by Ol'ha Mykhailivna's husband. The area is marshy and reeds are used for fences such as this one. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr010220134538

The home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, born 1941. Ol'ha Mykhailivna on a swing set up for the grandchildren. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr010220135032

The home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, born 1941. One of her sons keeps bees, and this is a picture of the hives. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr010220135438

Baptism -- the two sets of godparents are holding the child about to be baptized. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0493

Baptism - the 2 sets of godparents are holding the child about to be baptized Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0494

Baptism - during the baptismal ceremony. The two sets of god parents hold the child. Parents are not allowed to be present at the baptism of their children. The woman to the right is a member of the pevcha or choir. The pevcha sings during all major rituals, such as baptisms, funerals, weddings. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0495

Baptism - during the baptismal ceremony Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0496

Baptism -- during the baptismal ceremony; the priest anoints the child Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0497

Baptism -- during the baptismal ceremony; the priest anoints the child's feet Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0498

Baptism -- during the baptismal ceremony; the priest holds the Bible before the godparents and they kiss it; the woman to the right is a member of the choir or pevcha Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0499

Baptism -- during the baptismal ceremony; the priest takes the child from the godparents to dip her feet in holy water. The pink cloth in the hands of one of the godmothers is the kryzhma. It is a ritual gift which the godmother presents to the child at baptism. The kryzhma should never be used for anything except items for the child, be they clothing or diapers. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0500

Baptism -- during the baptismal ceremony; the priest dips the child's feet in holy water Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0501

Baptism -- during the baptismal ceremony; the priest reads from the Bible while one of the godmothers holds the child wrapped in a kryzhma, the special baptismal cloth that the godmother is supposed to provide. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0502

Baptism -- during the baptismal ceremony; the priest reads from the Bible while one of the godmothers holds the child wrapped in a kryzhma, the special baptismal cloth that the godmother is supposed to provide. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0503

Baptism -- during the baptismal ceremony. The priest gives the child a drop of holy water on her lips. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0504

Baptism -- during the baptismal ceremony; the priest cuts the child's hair in the shape of a cross. Normally, this is done when the child is one year old. However, with the Soviet era, people stopped baptising children shorlty after their birth. Sometimes children were not baptized until they were as old as 6. Basically, parents and/or god parents waited for an opportune moment and opportune moments during the Soviet period were hard to find. Even now, many children are not baptized until they are somewhat older. When that happens, the cutting of the hair is done during baptism, as here. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0505

Baptism - the ceremony concludes Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0541

Baptism - the ceremony concludes. Everyone congratulates the newly baptised child and her godparents. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0542

Home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, DOB 1941. A swarm of bees in a tree. The family keeps bees as an additional source of income. The swarm is barely visible in the center of the photograph. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0543

Home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, DOB 1941. Her husband, Vasyl' Hryhorovych, getting ready to catch a swarm of bees. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0544

Home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, DOB 1941. Her husband, Vasyl' Hryhorovych, catching a swarm of bees. The swarm itself is about 2/3 of the way down the photograph. The beekeeper is holding a hive in his hands. He will place the hive under the swarm and tap the branch on which the swarm sits to get it into the hive. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0545

Home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, DOB 1941. Her husband, Vasyl' Hryhorovych, catching a swarm of bees. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0546

Outside the home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, DOB 1941. Children at play. This the local version of hopscotch. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0547

Fields outside the village of Dobranichivka. Those fields which were left fallow after the collapse of the collective farms are gradually being appropriated by villagers for private use. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0548

General village view of the village of Dobranichivka. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0549

A farmer in fields outside the village of Dobranichivka. Fields that had been farmed while the collective farm system existed have been left fallow after the collapse of the Soviet Union. More and more portions of these are being taken for private use. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0550

Home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, DOB 1941. View of the yard in back of the house and the various buildings used for storage, to house rabbits and other small animals used for food. The well is the only source of water. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0551

Village women on the road to Pluzhnyky, the neighboring village, to attend a funeral. The women pictured are members of the pevcha, or church choir. The bag contains copies of the books from which they will read the songs that they need to sing as part of the service. It also contains candy to give away to people attending the funeral. When a person accepts candy, he or she is supposed to utter good wishes for the deceased. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0552

On the road to Pluzhnyky. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0553

Fields outside the village. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0554

A truck parked outside a home in which a funeral is being celebrated. The coffin will be placed on top of the truck bed, which is covered with straw. The family will sit next to the coffin to accompany it to the graveyard. The deceased was in his fifties, unmarried, and tended toward excessive drink. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0673

A group of people waiting outside the home while a funeral service is conducted inside. Note the clothing and house type. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0674

A group of people waiting outside a home while a funeral service is conducted inside. Note the number of men waiting outside. Men avoided being present at funeral services, especially those conducted inside the home. They seemed to be present only if they were very close relatives and it was expected that they would kiss the deceased goodbye at the end of the service. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0675

A stork's nest on top of a pole with a haystack and fence. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0676

The baptism of Svitlana. Her godfather holds her in the outer room of the church as everyone prepares for the service. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0699

The baptism of Svitlana. She is with both sets of godparents inside the church proper. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0700

At the home of Ol'ha Mykhailivna Kobets', born in 1941; beekeeping. The men of the household are the ones who take care of the bees. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0701

The home of Ol'ha Mykhailivna Kobets', born in 1941; picture of her son doing some of the family beekeeping. He is holding one of the frames from the hive. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0702

The home of Ol'ha Mykhailivna, born in 1941. These are pens for keeping rabbits, a major source of meat. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0703

The home of Ol'ha Mykhailivna Kobets'. A place for storing corn. This is the kind of corn used for hog feed. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0704

The home of Ol'ha Mykhailivna Kobets'. This shows the feed trough inside the barn, with chickens. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0705

Home of Ol'ha Mykhailivna Kobets'. The inside of one of the rabbit pens -- a mother with her babies. The ball of fluff to the right is a nest. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0706

Home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, DOB 1941. Her son doing some of the family beekeeping. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0753

Home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, DOB 1941. Another view of beekeeping, showing the hives and one of the frames from the hive. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0754

Home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, DOB 1941. These are pens for keepng rabbits, a major meat source, and a wheelbarrow. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0755

Home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, DOB 1941. A shed with stored corn of the variety used for hog feed. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0756

Home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, DOB 1941.A view of the interior of the barn, showing chickens and a feed trough. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0757

Home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, DOB 1941. A view of the interior of one of the rabbit pens showing a mother with babies. The ball of fluff on the right is a nest. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0758

Home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, DOB 1941. A view of the house exterior with the entrance to the underground storage area or podval. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0759

Home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, DOB 1941. The master of the house is seated next to the fence. Note the decorative detail on the fence: the various sections are different colors. Also, the metal is cut in fancy shapes and each section is a different shape. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0760

Home of Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, DOB 1941. Kobets', Ol'ha Mykhailivna, DOB 1941 and some of the other women of the pevcha. They are Puz', Halyna Kornievna, DOB 1937, and Zavalii, Tetiana Mykolaiivna, DOB 1934. They did a lot of wedding material and sang courtship and other lyric songs. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0761

A view of another house in the area showing house construction, fencing, and clothing. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0762

A view of the area including the village and nearby fields which are used for pasture. Some fields were not intended for use as pasture lands and lie fallow because the collective farms have collapsed and alternate means of organizing and dealing with large fields have not always appeared or have not taken over all of the land. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0763

Another view of the area showing the layout of the village. This is called a ribbon village type. Also note the distance between the village and the road. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0764

Another view of the area. Note how this area still has some rolling hills. Not far from here to the south and east, the steppe begins and the land is completely flat. It has now been broken up by rows of tress, but previously it was miles and miles of fields. There are kurgans or Scythian burial mounds in the area. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0765

Liubov Naida and Halyna Kapas', two amateur ethnographers. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0766

A view of the interior of the church in Dobranichivka. It was started up only two years ago and is located in what used to be one of the schools. A great deal of effort has gone into setting this up. The women have donated rushnyky. The one on the left is a good example of the tree of life motif. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0767

Another view of the church interior. In addition to rushnyky, local residents have donated icons. The priest made the make-shift iconostasis. The icons of archangels Michael and Gabriel on either side were painted on commission. As in all village churches, there is a profusion of eclectic decoration. Note the bouquets of paper flowers on the table before the iconostasis. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0768

Another view of the church interior. The service here is the Ascension of Christ. Note the material culture items as well. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0769

Another view of the front of the church. The priest is at the altar. Note the material culture items as well. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0770

A view of the stand in the room that is at the back of the church. It sells candles that can be offered during the service as well as various other items. For instance, booklets in which you write the names of dead people for whom you want prayers offered or live people who are ill and for whose health you want prayers said. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0771

A rushnyk hung inside the church with the Lord's Prayer embroidered on it. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0772

Another rushnyk hung inside the church. The image is called an eagle, though it looks more like a parrot. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0773

The priest, the pevcha, and the church attendant in front of the iconostasis. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0774

A view of the priest, pevcha, and the church attendant in front of the iconostasis. Most village priests are young. This one is very entrepreneurial and eager to improve his own lot. He would like to go to America or back to the area outside Ternopil in western Ukraine, where he grew up. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0780

A view of the priest, pevcha, and the church attendant in front of the iconostasis. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0781

A view of the countryside around Dobranichivka. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0782

A view of cows being driven home on the road between Dobranichivka and Iavorivka for their mid-day milking. Also note the color and extent of ornamentation of the fences. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Dobranichivka. Dobr0783

Marfa Khnukalo, an informant who provided limited life cycle information, and who is the grandmother of Serhyi Mykolaevych Kuveiko, the local surveyor who showed the folklorist around the area and introduced her to numerous people. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Domantovo. Doma0101

Paper flowers made by Odarka Panchenko. These are used as the bouquet carried by the svitilka (groom's female attendant, literally, bearer of the light) in the wedding, or can be placed in front of icons. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Domantovo. Doma0102

Odarka Panchenko, a folk artist who makes paper flowers which she sells in Cherkasy, Kyiv, etc. She is also and excellent informant about the life cycle, particularly courtship and the institution of the pokrytka (the girl who bears a child out of wedlock--a special ceremony is conducted to mark her as a woman which involves covering the head, analogous to what is done in the marriage ceremony). Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Domantovo. Doma0103

Photo of Olia Mykolaivna Kuveiko, DOB 1957, at age 3. The photo was collected from her. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Domantovo. Doma010323103207

Odarka Panchenko, a folk artist who makes paper flowers which she sells in Cherkasy, Kyiv, etc. These are used in weddings, as for the headdress of the bride and the groom's lapel, as well as the bouquet carried by the svitilka (groom's female attendant). Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Domantovo. Doma0104

A bridal wreath made by Odarka Panchenko Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Domantovo. Doma0105

Odarka Iakivna Panchenko, DOB 1905. Natalie Kononenko interviewed her in 1998 and had to cut the interview short. At that time she gave courtship information, and the folklorist wanted to do a follow-up at a later date. However, Panchenko had aged tremendously in the last two years and her hearing problems made a follow-up visit very difficult. Kononenko ended up getting only bits and pieces of information: mostly about material culture. Note the icon corner. In this slide Panchenko is showing the contents of her bundle. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Domantovo. Doma0509

Odarka Iakivna Panchenko, DOB 1905. She is showing the contents of her funeral bundle. Here we see her dress. The paper flowers on her right were made by her. This is what she used to do for money as recently as two years ago. She made and sold paper flowers for weddings (for the bride's wreath, the flowers sewn onto the groom's and bestman's lapels, and the bouquet held by the svitilka). Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Domantovo. Doma0510

Odarka Iakivna Panchenko, DOB 1905. She is showing the contents of her funeral bundle. Here we see the skirt which will be worn over the dress. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Domantovo. Doma0511

Home of Odarka Iakivna Panchenko, DOB 1905: the contents of her funeral bundle. Halyna Kapas' shows the apron that Odarka Panchenko will wear over her funeral dress and skirt. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Domantovo. Doma0512

Home of Odarka Iakivna Panchenko, DOB 1905. She is showing the contents of her funeral bundle. Halyna Kapas' shows the rushnyky (print, not embroidered) which will be gifts for the gravediggers and pall bearers. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Domantovo. Doma0513

Odarka Iakivna Panchenko, DOB 1905. She is showing the contents of her funeral bundle. This is one of the kerchiefs which will be a gift for the women who will carry the coffin lid. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Domantovo. Doma0514

Home of Odarka Iakivna Panchenko, DOB 1905. She is showing the contents of her funeral bundle. Odarka Panchenko and Halyna Kapas' repack the contents of the funeral bundle. Panchenko insists that everything be folded just so. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Domantovo. Doma0515

Pictured is Marta Iakivna Khnukalo, DOB 1929. She is the grandmother of Serhii Kuveiko, who has since married and had a son. She was an informant on the subject of birth customs, and in the photo she is showing how to bathe an infant right after birth. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Domantovo. Doma0776

In the home of Odarka Iakivna Panchenko, DOB 1905; usually called Baba Odarka. This same informant had been recorded two years ago, but this time was not vey successful because she has deteriorated physically to a great degree. Her clothing and home are good examples of material culture. The painting above the glass cabinet is of her when she was a young woman. The bouquet nearby is what is carried by a svitilka (a female relative of the groom and one of the attendants usually present in the wedding train that goes from the groom's house to pick up the bride) during a wedding. The bouquet is sometimes called a shabila or sword. Baba Odarka used to make and sell these, but she is no longer able to. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Domantovo. Doma0777

In the home of Odarka Iakivna Panchenko, DOB 1905, usually called Baba Odarka. Halyna Kapas holds up one of the shirts embroidered by Baba Odarka. Note also the second wedding bouquet above Halyna's head. To the far right is an embroidered picture. The aloe in the window is a typical house plant, called doktor (doctor) and used to treat burns and minor skin abraisons. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Domantovo. Doma0778

In the home of Odarka Iakivna Panchenko, DOB 1905; usually called Baba Odarka. Another view of Halyna holding up the shirt. She is trying to show the berry design on the sleeves which is typical of the Cherkasy region. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Domantovo. Doma0779

On the road between Velykii Khutir, Drabivs'kyi Raion, Cherkas'ka Oblast and Iavorivka. This is a marker of the spot where a young couple met their dath in an auto accient. Note the grave stone with the two pictures. The site is well maintained, and there are fresh flowers as well as the purple flowers, which are made of paper. This is the couple whose tragic love story Baba San'ka and Mykhailo Koval' of Velykii Khutir had told us. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion. Drab010129105330

On the road between Velykii Khutir and Iavorivka. This is a view of the marker on the spot where a young couple met their death in an auto accident. Note the grave stone with the two pictures and the well-maintained site. There are both fresh flowers and the purple flowers, which are made of paper. Baba San'ka and Mykhailo Koval' told about the couple's tragic love story. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion. Drab010129110540

Home of Rudobaba, Paraskeva Fedotivna, DOB 1927, who was an informant on life cycle matters. She has a sick piglet in the house to help it recover. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Brovarivs'kyi -- Hrebel'ky. Hreb010214154115

A photo of a post-wedding carnival called tsyhani in this region (elsewhere called tsyhanshchyna), taken in the 1970s or 1980s. Notice the people wearing bras in the background. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Smilians'kyi raion -- Hrechkivka. Hrec010323115309

The post-wedding carnival, called tyshani in this region (elsewhere called tsyhanshchyna). The photo was taken in the 1970s or 1980s and specifically states that it shows the action that takes place on Monday after the wedding. Here the revelers are taking the parents of the couple (not stated whether of the bride or the groom) for a ride. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Smilians'kyi raion -- Hrechkivka. Hrec010406093459

The photograph shows the post-wedding carnival called tsyhani in this region (elsewhere called tsyhanshchyna). The photo was taken in the 1970s or 1980s. Here the revelers are relaxing in a field. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Smilians'kyi raion -- Hrechkivka. Hrec010406094718

This appears to be a postcard of a bridal couple with writing on the back. On the back of the card, it lists the dates of birth of the couple and gives them as 1904 and Sept. 12, 1905. It also says on the back: "Given to Nastasiia Makarovna Tkachenko as a memento." Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Smilians'kyi raion -- Hrechkivka. Hrec010424140211

This photo shows the post-wedding carnival (here called "tyshane") and also specifically marks it as being on Monday. Here the group is readying the cart they will use to take the parents "for a ride." Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Smilians'kyi raion -- Hrechkivka. Hrec010424141930

This photo shows the post-wedding carnival (here called "tyshani") which takes place on Monday. The photo was taken in the 1970's and features two women, one dressed as a man. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Smilians'kyi raion -- Hrechkivka. Hrec010424143723

The tsyhanshchyna that takes place on the Monday after the wedding of Oleh Valerevych Soloviov, age 24, to Anna Valentynivna Het'man, age 21. Here people are getting dressed up and getting ready to go over to the festivities. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Smilians'kyi raion -- Hrechkivka. Hrec0176

The tsyhanshchyna that takes place on the Monday after the wedding of Oleh Valerevych Soloviov, age 24, to Anna Valentynivna Het'man, age 21. At the gate--paying admission and getting a "check up" from the "doctor." Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Smilians'kyi raion -- Hrechkivka. Hrec0177

The tsyhanshchyna that takes place on the Monday after the wedding of Oleh Valerevych Soloviov, age 24, to Anna Valentynivna Het'man, age 21. The couple--they are not in wedding clothes, but in what is considered especially nice clothing. This is the sort of wear that is appropriate for the second day of the wedding. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Smilians'kyi raion -- Hrechkivka. Hrec0178

The tsyhanshchyna that takes place on the Monday after the wedding of Oleh Valerevych Soloviov, age 24, to Anna Valentynivna Het'man, age 21. Food is being set out for the guests. This takes place in a make-shift tent erected especially for the wedding and the post-wedding events. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Smilians'kyi raion -- Hrechkivka. Hrec0179

The tsyhanshchyna that takes place on the Monday after the wedding of Oleh Valerevych Soloviov, age 24, to Anna Valentynivna Het'man, age 21. A new "doctor" has assumed the position at the gate. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Smilians'kyi raion -- Hrechkivka. Hrec0180

Nadezhda Buchma, and informant about birth customs and other life cycle information. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Smilians'kyi raion -- Hrechkivka. Hrec0181

The tsyhanshchyna that takes place on the Monday after the wedding of Oleh Valerevych Soloviov, age 24, to Anna Valentynivna Het'man, age 21. The parents of the bride are being pulled down the street in a cart. They are dressed up in leaves. The groom is an orphan; if he were not, his parents would also be dreagged down the street. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Smilians'kyi raion -- Hrechkivka. Hrec0182

The tsyhanshchyna that takes place on the Monday after the wedding of Oleh Valerevych Soloviov, age 24, to Anna Valentynivna Het'man, age 21. As the procession goes down the street, they offer refreshments to whoever they meet (horilka, snacks) and receive a gift for the couple in return. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Smilians'kyi raion -- Hrechkivka. Hrec0183

The tsyhanshchyna that takes place on the Monday after the wedding of Oleh Valerevych Soloviov, age 24, to Anna Valentynivna Het'man, age 21. Two of the most avid participants of the celebration, dressed in drag. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Smilians'kyi raion -- Hrechkivka. Hrec0184

The tsyhanshchyna that takes place on the Monday after the wedding of Oleh Valerevych Soloviov, age 24, to Anna Valentynivna Het'man, age 21. The parents are pulled into the river. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Smilians'kyi raion -- Hrechkivka. Hrec0185

The tsyhanshchyna that takes place on the Monday after the wedding of Oleh Valerevych Soloviov, age 24, to Anna Valentynivna Het'man, age 21. Participants of the celebration in the river. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Smilians'kyi raion -- Hrechkivka. Hrec0186

The tsyhanshchyna that takes place on the Monday after the wedding of Oleh Valerevych Soloviov, age 24, to Anna Valentynivna Het'man, age 21. On the river bank, the bride examines the chicks received earlier as a gift. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Smilians'kyi raion -- Hrechkivka. Hrec0187

The tsyhanshchyna that takes place on the Monday after the wedding of Oleh Valerevych Soloviov, age 24, to Anna Valentynivna Het'man, age 21. On the river bank, lots of people are in costume. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Smilians'kyi raion -- Hrechkivka. Hrec0188

Home of Antonina Mykolaiivna Shtyka, DOB 1927. This is the entrance to her house, the picture is taken from the yard and not from the street. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Bilotserkivs'kyi -- Iablunivka. Iabl010219165236

Home of Antonina Mykolaiivna Shtyka. This is a view of her yard and the entrance to the komora. The komora is an underground storage area, used for keeping root crops such as beets, carrots, potatoes, for winter vegetables such as cabbage, and for canned goods. In many areas, trysts during courtship took place in the komora and marriages were consummated there. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Bilotserkivs'kyi -- Iablunivka. Iabl010226104117

Home of Antonina Mykolaiivna Shtyka. This is her yard. On the right is the komora, or underground storage cellar, and on the left is the barn. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Bilotserkivs'kyi -- Iablunivka. Iabl010226105508

Home of Antonina Mykolaiivna Shtyka. Pictured is her yard, with the barn and storage shed. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Bilotserkivs'kyi -- Iablunivka. Iabl010226110013

Pictured is Antonina Mykolaiivna Shtyka, DOB 1927. She was an informant on life cycle topics, talking about birth customs and funeral customs. Here she is showing her funeral bundle. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Bilotserkivs'kyi -- Iablunivka. Iabl010226110628

The home of Antonina Mykolaiivna Shtyka, DOB 1927. She continues to show the contents of her funeral bundle. Watching is Nataliia Havryliuk, folklorist, Ryl's'skyi Institute, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Bilotserkivs'kyi -- Iablunivka. Iabl010226111638

In the home of Antonina Mykolaiivna Shtyka, DOB 1927. She continues to show her funeral bundle. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Bilotserkivs'kyi -- Iablunivka. Iabl010226112450

Home of Antonina Mykolaiivna Shtyka, DOB 1927. She shows a cabinet where she has placed various religious items and where she prays. Also in the picture are a sleeping bench and examples of a traditional house interior. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Bilotserkivs'kyi -- Iablunivka. Iabl010226113329

Home of Antonina Mykolaiivna Shtyka, DOB 1927. Pictured is her icon corner and the table in front of it. On the table are religious and family items. Also in the picture are icons, a rushnyk (ritual towel), and the Psalter that she reads over the dead when she goes to perform the rite of watching over the deceased. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Bilotserkivs'kyi -- Iablunivka. Iabl010226114603

The home of Antonina Mykolaiivna Shtyka, DOB 1927. Pictured is the table in her icon corner showing some family and religious pictures. The bread is a special one which she received in payment for reading the Psalter over a deceased person in the village. Also on the table is a large print Psalter. She also owns a hand-written Psalter which is what she used during the Soviet period. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Bilotserkivs'kyi -- Iablunivka. Iabl010226115522

Home of Antonina Mykolaiivna Shtyka, DOB 1927. Pictured is the secondary icon corner, arranged in a cabinet. Note the usual icons of the Virgin and Child and Christ the Savior, with a rushnyk draped over them. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Bilotserkivs'kyi -- Iablunivka. Iabl010226120355

Buying goods off the back of a truck for pension advances. This is the modern equivalent of an itinerant peddlar. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Kanivs'kyi raion -- Iabluniv. Iabl0162

The main road through the village. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Kanivs'kyi raion -- Iabluniv. Iabl0163

Halyna Iarmosh, an informant who was an excellent source of life cycle information. She is also a narrator of folktales, one of the few left, and an excellent narrator of memorats. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Kanivs'kyi raion -- Iabluniv. Iabl0164

Tatiana Pidhaina, an informant who was an excellent source of life cycle information. She is also a ritual official who reads the Psalter over the deceased and at commemorative meals, such as a year after the date of a death. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Kanivs'kyi raion -- Iabluniv. Iabl0165

In the home of Dziuba, Nina Antonivna, born in 1938. These are embroidered pictures that she made. Embroidered pictures were quite popular throughout this area. They range from copies of old Ukrainian and Russian masters, as here, to cute pictures of cats. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Iahotyn. Iaho010219145755

In the home of Dziuba, Nina Antonivna, born 1938. The hostess with Khodorivs'ka, Hanna Arsentivna, born 1936. Both were informants on life cycle ritual, especially the funeral, and on religious matters, including the psalmy sung over the deceased and at the wake. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Iahotyn. Iaho010219150841

In the market in Iahotyn. This is the place to sell farm produce and to buy everything from tomato and pepper seedlings to baby chicks, shoes, clothing, and car parts. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Iahotyn. Iaho010219151557

Another view of the market in Iahotyn. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Iahotyn. Iaho010219152129

funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. The coffin is being lowered into the grave on special long rushnyky Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo010201133552

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. After the coffin is lowered, all relatives and friends must throw 3 handfuls of dirt into the grave. They take the dirt from the pile made by the grave diggers and throw it in. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo010201140947

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. After the coffin is lowered, all relatives and friends must throw 3 handfuls of dirt into the grave. They take the dirt from the pile made by the grave diggers and throw it in. This shot shows one of the women bending over to get her handful of dirt. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo010201143051

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. After everyone has thrown in their 3 handfuls of dirt, the grave diggers start closing up the grave. They throw the dirt that they had removed earlier into the grave, over the coffin. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo010201143626

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. The flowers that had been brought to the cemetery stand ready to be placed on the grave once it is sealed. Note also the adjacent graves. Each plot has a fence. Grave markers are crosses or marble slabs with a slanted top. Latter usually have portraits of the deceased. Artificial flowers are placed on both crosses and stone slabs. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo010201144542

The cemetery in Iavorivka. Each plot has a fence. Grave markers are crosses or marble slabs with a slanted top. Latter usually have portraits of the deceased. Artificial flowers are placed on both crosses and stone slabs. Each plot usually has several graves. Each grave is often demarcated; in the plot in the foreground, each grave has a concrete edge. Flowers and other gifts are placed on individual graves. In Iavorivka, when you visit the graves of your relatives, you leave them flowers or candy, or both. Throwing a candy or two on each grave is very common practice. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo010201145548

The cemetery in Iavorivka. Ater the funeral above, people go to their family plots and leave candy, tend the plots. Note the plots and grave markers. Note also the artificial and planted flowers (the rose bush on the left). A funeral will cause some people to lament at the graves of their family members, as the woman in the middle, clutching the cross with the blue and white flowers, is doing. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo010201150444

The cemetery in Iavorivka. Tending the graves of the family deceased on the day of the Novak funeral. This is the grave of a young man, died before his time. It is particularly heavily decorated and the grave marker is particularly nice. The woman tending the grave, who is the mother, told the others how much the grave marker cost. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo010201151422

The cemetery in Iavorivka. Note the various grave types and marker types, here mostly crosses with metal curlique decorations. What is featured here is a picnic table and benches. These are for visiting the deceased and eating meals in the cemetery on days when the deceased are supposed to be remembered. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo010201152216

The funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, 72 years old. He was reputed to have been a good man, good husband, and father. We missed the funeral service, which was held in his home (there is no church in Iavorivka yet). We joined as the procession left the home. Here the women are carrying the coffin cover, or viko. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo010221151102

The funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, 72 years old. This is the pevcha, a kind of choir composed of women who sing religious songs and form a semi-official group of celebrants at events such as funerals. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo010221152146

The funeral of Novak, Griygorii Pylypovych. The wife laments as the men get ready to pick up the bier, here called mary. The rushnyky tied around the mary will become gifts for the pall bearers. The wife was the best lamenter I have ever seen. She lamented the entire trip to the graveyard, which took at least thirty minutes. The laments were complex with full poetic features. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo010221153151

The funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych. The procession sets out. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo010221153936

The funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych. The procession stops at a cross roads and the wife laments. Again, note the decorations on the bier. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo010221154443

The funeral of Novak, Hriyhorii Pylypovych. The women holding the coffin lid while the procession is stopped. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo010221155043

The funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych. The procession continues. The sequence is as follows: a man carrying an icon draped in a rushnyk; a man carrying a portrait of the deceased; women with flowers; women with the coffin lid; and finally, three men carrying the coffin on the mary. The women were carrying lots of fresh flowers nd evergreen branches. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo010221160006

The funeral procession for Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych. The man closest to the camera is carrying the ropes on which the coffin will be lowered. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo010221160731

The funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych. Another stop and more laments. Here a relative joins the wife and they both lament, though not at the same time. Group of women in the background is the pevcha. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo010221161318

The funeral procession of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo010221161856

The funeral procession of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo010221162307

The funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych. This is the man who carries the ropes to lower the coffin. When a funeral procession goes down the street, people come outside. They either watch the funeral procession go by, or they let it go by and join. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo010221162703

The funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych. Another look at the procession, this time during one of its three obligatory stops. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo010226141708

The funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych. The wife laments again -- this is during one of the three obligatory stops. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo010226142328

The funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych. The procession continues again. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo010226143033

The funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych. Another stop and another view of the pevcha. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo010226143621

The funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych. The wife laments again and is joined by a relative. The blond woman in the granddaughter. Again, note the decorations on the mary. The colored ryshnykky will be gifts for the pall bearers. The green ones will be gifts for the grave diggers. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo010226144220

The home of Polina Iakivna Latysh and Vasyl' Ivanovych Latysh. In the photo are their three children (left to right) Volodia (Volodymyr), Nadia (Nadezhda), and Halia (Halyna). The folklorist and her hosts are having dinner upon her arrival in the village. The dining room is the entry way to the house--this provides more space and helps keep the rest of the house reasonably cool in the summer. Note the items of material culture: the type of food on the table and the type of dishes, as well as the partition between the dining area and the storage area, and in the back, the windows and window treatments. All family members were informants; the only one that was not a good source of information (and probably mostly because he was out in the field cutting hay) was Volodia. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0466

The home of Polina Iakivna Latysh and Vasyl' Ivanovych Latysh. This photo shows Polina and Vasyl' (the parents) and their son, Volodia. Note the food, dishes, and house decoration. Note also the clothes of Polina, especially the double kerchief on the head. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0467

The home of Polina Iakivna Latysh and Vasyl' Ivanovych Latysh. This photo shows their eldest daughter, Nadiia Vasylivna Katuha. She is an excellent informant, especially on the subject of folk belief. She is also a craftsman; she embroiders. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0468

The home of Polina Iakivna Latysh and Vasyl' Ivanovych Latysh. This photo shows their youngest daughter, Halyna, milking the cow. Notice her "village" clothes; she changed into village clothing for the purpose of milking. Note also her milking technique. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0469

The home of Polina Iakivna Latysh and Vasyl' Ivanovych Latysh. This photo shows their pig in its stye. In other areas, pig styes are handled differently. Here the pig has a building, enclosed, so that it can move around and go inside for shelter or outside for fresh air and exercise. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0470

The home of Polina Iakivna Latysh and Vasyl' Ivanovych Latysh. This shows another part of the farm, namely the rabbit cages on top and the turkey/geese on the bottom. The rabbits are an important source of meat protein. The turkey/geese are literally a cross-breeding between local geese and imported turkeys. They exist in quite a few villages. They pretty well have free run of the yard, though sometimes they are herded down to the pond or other source of water. In the yard, there is always some sort of container with water for them. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0471

The home of Polina Iakivna Latysh and Vasyl' Ivanovych Latysh. A view of the barn area of the farm, including the dumping area. The large animal (cows, pigs) barn is on the left. The small animal shelters (rabbits, chickens, geese) is on the right. In front of these is Halyna carrying the pails for milking the cow. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0472

The home of Polina Iakivna Latysh and Vasyl' Ivanovych Latysh. The yard by the house. As with all homesteads, you enter the farm yard through a gate in the fence. The entrance to the house never faces the streeet. It is usually from the side. This being a particularly nice house, concrete sidewalks lead up to the house entrance. On the right is the summer kitchen. This is a separate building used, as its name implies, in the summer so as not to heat up the house. Cooking is done on a gas stove; gas comes from a bought canister. The table outside the summer kitchen was used for food preparation. Now it is piled high will all sorts of clothes and has become essentially a storage area. The table in the back left is used for food preparation and even more for dishwashing. There is another table inside the summer kitchen. Animals are fed outside the kitchen. Here Polina Iakivna and Nadiia Vasylivna look at one of the family cats. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0473

The home of Polina Iakivna Latysh and Vasyl' Ivanovych Latysh. Pictured here is Nadiia Vasylivna entering the house. This is important not only because the entrance to the house is from the side, but also to show the extent and nature of house decoration. Decoration is quite extensive. The edge of the tin roof has been cut to produce a scalloped effect. Blue and white are favorite colors in this region. Decoration is concentrated on openings, namely windows and doors, though this house is decorated pretty well everywhere possible. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0474

Polina Iakivna Latysh, the mother of Halyna Vasylivna Kapas'. She was an informant on the topics of beleif, customs, behavior, etc., although she was not formally interviewed. The folklorist lived at her house and she would deliver information and pronouncements. Here we see examples of material culture: the outfit she is wearing is her warm weather attire. She constantly wears double kerchiefs, even when it is quite warm. This is supposed to help with her headaches. Note also the appearance of the room, the number of decorated items, especially cloth. This room is the bedroom. At one point, five people slept in the three beds. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0516

Home of Latysh, Polina Iakivna, DOB 1927, and Latysh, Vasyl' Ivanovych, DOB 1934. One of the two stoves that are inside the house. This one is between rooms and serves to provide heat (the house has been expanded beyond the original size) to the added rooms. It is also used as additional cooking space. The stove is fired up below. The large ceramic area heats up and provides room heat. The cooking surface is apparent. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0568

Home of Latysh, Plina Iakivna, DOB 1927, and Latysh, Vasyl' Ivanovych, DOB 1934. Nadiia Vasylivna's granddaughter Iulia, age 5. Besides the costume ("Reebot," a Reebok imitation warm-up suit) combined with a village-style kerchief appropriate to girls, even little ones, note the decoration on the stove -- a penguin print. People cut out many prints from magazines of all sorts and glue them all over their houses. At the apartment where the photographer stayed, there were assorted pictures of roses just cut out of magazines and glued to the walls. In the photo here, also note the curtains hung above the stove and the combination of several prints. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0569

Home of Latysh, Polina Iakivna, DOB 1927, and Latysh, Vasyl' Ivanovych, DOB 1934. The icon corner in one of the bedrooms. The treatment here is called shtany (pants). Instead of using a rushnyk (one large, single piece of cloth) draped over the icons, this method uses three pieces. The two panels on the side are much like the two lower parts of a traditional rushnyk. The top, instead of being the folded-over, non-embroidered part of the rushnyk, is a separate piece, sort of like the valance of a window curtain, and is embroidered in a pattern that coordinates with the side panels. Also note the tulle on the windows and the embroidered picture of two birds on the left. Beneath the icons is a table. Hanging a piece of cloth from the table and using the bottom of it for storage, a sort of impromptu chest, is also typical. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0570

Home of Latysh, Polina Iakivna, DOB 1927, and Latysh, Vasyl' Ivanovych, DOB 1934. One of the bedrooms. These windows once looked outside. When the house was expanded and an addition built on, the windows came to look out on a storage area. On the wall are pictures of family members, the top one draped in a rushnyk. Beneath the pictures is an embroidered hanging. Something like this could also have been used for a pillow. Beneath the tulle in what used to be a window. On the right is a large formal portrait of Latysh, Vasyl' Ivanovych. He won top tractor driver of the village honors and this portrait hung in the village office. In the foreground, pillows are covered with tulle during the day, when they are not in use. The couch, which serves as one of the beds at night (there were three beds in the room and five people slept there) has an ornate woven cloth over the back and a cover, like that used on other beds, on the bottom. All of this cloth is supposed to preserve the furniture from wear and tear. It also has a decorative function. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0571

Home of Latysh, Polina Iakivna, DOB 1927, and Latysh, Vasyl' Ivanovych, DOB 1934. A typical bed treatment. Note the coverlet and pillows. On the wall is a rug. These are essential as most walls are white-washed and the chalk comes off easily if you touch them. Most rugs are on walls, not floors. The chest to the left serves both for storage (here of the nice china) and as a room divider, separating this newly added bedroom from the rest of the house. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0572

Home of Latysh, Polina Iakivna, DOB 1927, and Latysh, Vasyl' Ivanovych, DOB 1934. The main kitchen area inside the house (as opposed to the summer kitchen house). This is the main stove, or pech. Note that there are two areas where fires can be lit. The one on the left would be for cooking on top -- you place a pot or pan on the burner. The one on the right is for baking -- you heat up the area, sweep out the ashes, place the items to be baked inside, and seal in the heat with a wooden door. Note the towel hanging above the cooking area on the left and the pictures decorating the stove. Also note the multiple patterns in the wallpaper, the oil cloth covering the food prepartion area, and the various curtains, both on the windows and covering the areas underneath the shelves. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0573

Home of Latysh, Polina Iakivna, DOB 1927, and Latysh, Vasyl' Ivanovych, DOB 1934. The icon corner in the main room, what was the original khata from which everything else expanded. This serves as a formal dining area in the summer and as the main dining area in winter. This is also a living room -- note the TV set directly beneath the icons. This is a sleeping area, as well. The couch on the right is used for sleeping, as is the back of the stove, which goes out into this room. Note the icons, rushnyk, and family photos. Putting a number of small photos together in a large frame is a typical approach. Note also the variety of patterns and the fact that virtually every surface has some sort of decoration on it. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0574

Home of Latysh, Polina Iakivna, DOB 1927, and Latysh, Vasyl' Ivanovych, DOB 1934. The main room of the house -- view of the back of the stove. This is a major sleeping area. You sleep both on the shelf built into the stove itself and on the large flat area adjacent to the stove -- in this image it is on the left, covered with a greenish coverlet. Note the various decorative features: the rushnyk with the photo on the stove, the curtains on the stove, the rug on the wall and the rushnyk on the coverlet, the picture above the rug on the wall and the paper flowers around the picture. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0575

Home of Latysh, Polina Iakivna, DOB 1927, and Latysh, Vasyl' Ivanovych, DOB 1934. A frontal view of the largest sleeping area in the house (it is in the main room). Note also the decoration on the windows and the embroidered picture to the left. There is a composite of many small photos in the frame on the left. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0576

Home of Latysh, Polina Iakivna, DOB 1927, and Latysh, Vasyl' Ivanovych, DOB 1934. A cabinet with medicines, glasses, photos, and so forth. Note the curtain on the bottom half and the cloth cutwork decoration on the top. Family photos are on the left, and dress clothing is hung on the left. Beneath it is one of the couches that converts to a bed at night. It is covered with a coverlet to decorate and protect the furniture. The window has tulle on the top and cutwork on the bottom. An embroidered panel hangs next to the window. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0577

Home of Latysh, Polina Iakivna, DOB 1927, and Latysh, Vasyl' Ivanovych, DOB 1934. A more or less formal dinner with some neighbors and friends (who are also distantly related). Latysh, Kateryna Pylypivna, DOB 1941, and Basans'ka, Nina Oleksandrivna, DOB 1940, are pictured and are informants. They gave the collector wedding material and a lot of discussion of beliefs and of magic. Their outfits are a good example of material culture. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0578

Home of Latysh, Polina Iakivna, DOB 1927, and Latysh, Vasyl' Ivanovych, DOB 1934. A more or less formal dinner in the main room of the house. This shot is most valuable as an example of material culture. Note the rug on the wall in the back and the composite photo above it. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0579

A path through the cemetery in Iavorivka. Note the decorations and fences around each grave. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0651

A section of the cemetery in Iavorivka. Note the decorations and colors around each grave, as well as the presence of both new and old graves. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0652

The cemetery in Iavorivka. Note the grave decorations, especially the rushnyk around the cross. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0653

The cemetery in Iavorivka. This is an older cross type with decorations. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0654

The cemetery in Iavorivka. Note the fences, colors, and different cross types. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0655

The cemetery in Iavorivka. This is a new grave. Note the rushnyky around the crosses. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0656

A view of the cemetery in Iavorivka showing a Soviet-style obelisk and fence. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0657

A very fancy grave in the cemetery in Iavorivka with deliberate Ukrainian treatment. The couple pictured are in Ukrainian costume and the tombstone edges are decorated with Ukrainian motifs. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0658

A child's grave in the cemetery in Iavorivka. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0659

A child's grave in the cemetery in Iavorivka. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0660

A child's grave in the cemetery in Iavorivka. These were not unbaptized children, but the graves were not central and were subordinate to graves of adults. It does not seem to be a big deal when a small child dies and the graves are appended to the graves of adults, like the ones seen here. When an older young person dies, there is a very big, sad grave treatment. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0661

A view of the cemetery in Iavorivka showing assorted monument and cross types, including Soviet. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0662

A view of the fields next to the village Iavorivka. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0663

A view of one of the small cross-fields roads near Iavorivka. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0664

A v iew of the cemetery in Iavorivka showing the stand where Soviet era funerals were conducted. The supports for the coffin and the background against which the orator or celebrant stood are visible. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0665

Two new graves in the cemetery in Iavorivka. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0666

A somewhat older grave in the cemetery in Iavorivka. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0667

A well-established gravesite in the cemetery in Iavorivka. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0668

A view of the cemetery in Iavorivka showing various fence types, crosses, and decoration. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0669

A view of the cemetery in Iavorivka. Note the grave decorations and fences. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0670

Halyna Kapas' throws candy on the grave of one of her deceased relatives. Whenever you visit the graves of your relatives, you should offer them something. The most common offering is candy. In some places, vodka is also offered and some gravesites will have a glass left on the gravemarker for such offerings. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0671

Home of Latysh, Polina Iakivna. Polina Iakivna Latysh and her eldest daughter, Nadiia Vasylivna Katuha, are seated outside the summer kitchen. Note the evidence of material culture: clothes, buildings, and storage. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0672

A view of the roads headed towards Iavoivka. Note the fence and road composition. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0677

A family group in the cemetery in Iavorivka celebrating the Ascension. This is a day to visit the dead and leave offerings, such as candy. Note the use of bicycles for transportation and the cemetery features, especially cross types and decoration and the fences around each group of graves. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0678

A family group celebrating the Ascension in the cemetery in Iavorivka. Note their clothing. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0679

Latysh, Polina Iakovlivna visiting her family's graves in the cemetery in Iavorivka on the day of the Ascension. Note the clothing, grave layout, decoration on crosses, and the fences around the graves. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0680

A Soviet style grave marker in the cemetery in Iavorivka on the day of the Ascension. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0681

A view of the cemetery in Iavorivka on the day of the Ascension. Note the crosses and fences. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0682

A family group celebrating the Ascension in the cemetery in Iavorivka. They are visiting a particularly fancy grave marker. These tend to be for prominent people and for people who are especially missed, such as those who died young or before their parents. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0683

A group visiting with the dead and with fellow villagers on the day of the Ascension in the cemetery in Iavorivka. Candy is left on graves and given to children. When you receive a gift of candy, you are supposed to utter well-wishes for the deceased: Tsarstvo iomu nebesne (may he rest in the Heavenly Kingdom). Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0684

A woman celebrating the day of the Ascension in the cemetery in Iavorivka. She is cleaning and decorating the grave with the flowers that are everywhere. Note the sack that has been left behind. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0685

A grave in the cemetery in Iavorivka on the day of the Ascension. It has been cleaned and decorated with flowers. Note the sack that has been left behind. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0686

A recent grave in the cemetery at Iavorivka on the day of the Ascension. The grave has been decorated. The woman holds a bag of candy that she will pass around to children and others. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0687

A woman and her grandson at the grave of the woman's daughter, the boy's mother, in the cemetery in Iavorivka on the day of the Ascension. The daughter died young and this woman lamented extensively at her grave. She was told to stop because she was drawing attention. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0688

The edge of the cemetery in Iavorivka on the day of the Ascension. The fencing around the graves is especially clear. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0689

Shustrova, Anastasiia Iakivna, DOB 1913. Anastasiia Iakivna was an informant on birth customs and legends. In this photo she is showing how to swaddle a child. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0690

Shustrov, Trokhym Akymovych, DOB 1917. Due to failing health, Trokhym Akymovych is not as much of an informant as he once was. He used to tell the story of meeting a witch who had transformed herself into a magically rolling wheel as he was coming home from dosvitky (the courtship parties) one night. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0691

A view of the village street and children's games. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0692

This haystack is not of the typical type for this area, but having a haystack before the gates is. The woman is from a western region. Also note the gates and their decoration. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0693

A view of the Latysh home. The entrance is from a courtyard. Note the decoration of the windows and of the house in general. Even the tin on the roof has cut, scalloped edges. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0694

A view of the Latysh home interior showing a pich (stove), wall hanging, rug, icons, pictures, and rushnyky. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0695

A view of the Latysh home interior showing the pich (stove), wall hanging and rug. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0696

A ladder leading up to the attic in the Latysh home. The attic is a storage area as well as a place where herbs are dried. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0697

Neighbors arrive outside the Latysh home. They bring a gift of pirozhky to eat and an embroidered shirt to show. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0698

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. He is an especially loved husband and citizen so that this is a particularly elaborate funeral, with exceptionally lenghty laments by the widow. The funeral procession on the way between the home of the deceased and the graveyard. Photo taken from across the field used to pasture the livestock. Order of the procession, as seen here: women carrying the coffin lid (viko) in front, then men carrying the coffin on the mary or bier, then relatives, then friends. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0717

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. The front of the funeral procession: man carrying an icon draped in a rushnyk, followed by a man carrying a portrait of the deceased, also in a rushnyk, then women carrying flowers. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0718

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. The funeral procession between the home and the graveyard. A man carrying an icon is in front, then a man carrying a photo the deceased. After them come women bearing flowers to be placed on the grave. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0719

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. The women carrying the flowers are especially clear in ths picture, then as abouve, the coffin lid, then the coffin. Relatives and friends not as visible here. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0720

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. Good shot of flowers and the viko or coffin lid. Right in front of the men carrying the coffin is a man in a suit carrying the special ryshnyky (not decorated and very long) which will be used to lower the coffin. They are in a bundle tucked under his left arm. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0721

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. Side view of two of the women carrying flowers and the women carrying the coffin lid or viko. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0722

Funeral of Novak, Hyhorii Pylypovych, age 72. The man carrying the rushnyky that will be used for lowering the coffin, followed by the men carrying the mary with the coffin itself. Women to the left carry kerchiefs which will be given as gifts to various people who helped with the funeral. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0723

Funeral of Novak, Hyrhorii Pylypovych, age 72. The mary or a wooden stand used for carrying the coffin. It is carried by 8 men (in other villages, 6 men carry the mary, which are also called nary; sometimes women carry the mary/nary if the deceased is a woman). The mary have legs so that the coffin can be set down at crossroads for the appropriate prayers, singing of Our Father and lamentation by the relatives. The mary here were very heavily decorated, with rushnyky, kerchiefs. These will become presents for the coffin bearers and the grave diggers. Relatives follow the men with the mary here. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0724

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. The men carrying the coffin on the mary followed by the relatives Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0725

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. The procession stops at the crossroads for the appropriate prayers, singing of Our Father and lamentation by the relatives. There must be at least 3 stops en route. If there are not 3 crossroads (as there were here, a third stop is added at an arbitrary place). Here the wife leans over the deceased and laments. She was the best lamenter that I heard. She lamented non-stop during the entire procession, or for about 1 hour. Notice also the relatives encircling the coffin. Notice on the mary: rushnyky and kerchiefs tied at each leg. These will become gifts. The large rushnyk on the bottom will be kept by the family. Elsewhere it might be given to the church. The deceased is covered in tulle. Around his head were placed fragrant herbs. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0726

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. The coffin on the mary and the men carrying it enter the graveyard. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0727

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. Lamentation at the gravesite before the coffin is sealed and lowered. This is considered the last chance for relatives and friends to say goodbye. Lamenting here are the wife and several relatives. In the foreground is the coffin lid covered with a rushnyky and a loaf of bread placed on top. Wife is the closest of the lamenters. Young man standing to the left is the grandson. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0728

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. The various relatives say goodbye in the graveyard. Photo offers a good view of the coffin lid or viko with the embroidered and woven ryshnyky. The embroidered one is lenghtwise and the woven one is folded up and placed in the middle with the bread on top. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0729

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. Another view of the relatives and coffin lid or viko with rushnyky. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0730

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. Coffin lid or viko, rushnyky and bread. Male relatives also say goodbye and kiss the deceased, though few lament. Standard kisses are on the forehead and hands. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0731

Funeral of Novak, Hryorii Pylypovych. Coffin lid, coffin, rushnyky and bread. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0732

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. Coffin, coffin lid or viko, rushnyky, and bread. Notice also grave markers on adjacent graves. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0733

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. The final kisses from the widow. Notice also the hat in the cofin next to the deceased. Head gear should be placed in the coffin, but not on the male deceased. The deceased in the coffin should be the same as a person attending church: man should have his hat, but not on his head. Woman should have her head covered in a kerchief. She usually gets a spare kerchief in the coffin. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0734

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. Friends at the gravesite, watching the relatives say goodbye to the deceased. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0735

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. Another view of the female relatives; here the widow and Baba Katia. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0736

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. The rushnyky that were brought to the cemetary are placed across the grave, in position for the lowering of the coffin. In back of the grave stand the man holding an icon draped in a rushyk and the man holding a portrait of the deceased, also draped in a rushnyk. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0737

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. More farewells. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0738

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. More farewells. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0739

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. The widow in a series of final laments. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0740

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. A close up of the mary or stand used for carrying the coffin from the home to the cemetery. Note decorations: the rushnyky and kerchiefs tied along the braces. They serve as decorations during the funeral procession. They will become gifts for the men who helped with the funeral, specifically the grave diggers and pall bearers. There is a large woven rushnyk on the bottom. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0741

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. The coffin lid being put on the coffin. This shows both the appearance of the lid itself and the ritual act of placing the lid on the coffin. The coffin lid usually has nails pre-placed in it and partially hammered in so that the closing of the coffin is very rapid. Usually the closing of the coffin brings out the most extensive and emotional lamentation and people try to have the process proceed quickly. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0742

Funeral of Novak, Hryhorii Pylypovych, age 72. The coffin is placed on the special long rushnyky used for lowering and 4 men lower it in slowly while the man at the head of the grave guides the process. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0743

The cemetery in Iavorivka. Again note the various grave types and marker types, here mostly crosses with metal curlique decorations. What is featured here is a picnic table and benches. These are for visiting the deceased and eating meals in the cemetery on days when the deceased are supposed to be remembered. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0752

Here we see the swampy area in the vicinity of the village and a family of swans. The less swampy areas are used by the villagers for fishing and swimming. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Iavorivka. Iavo0775

On the road, a monument to civilians killed in the Second World War. The monument uses the iconography typically used in churches and for the Virgin Mary and Child: an adult with a picture of a child, usually only the upper body, on the stomach. Here the adult is male and the child is shown full length. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kanivs'kyi raion -- Kaniv. Kani010328162500

Overlooking the banks of the river Dnipro in Kaniv. In the photo is Elena Prokopenko. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kanivs'kyi raion -- Kaniv. Kani010403145934

The monument to Taras Shevchenko, the most famous poet of Ukraine. He died on Russian territory and his remains were eventually moved to Ukraine and buried here, the location that he considered the most beautiful spot in Ukraine. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kanivs'kyi raion -- Kaniv. Kani010403150619

A house that is supposed to be a replica of the one in which Taras Shevchenko, Ukraine's most famous poet, was born and grew up. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kanivs'kyi raion -- Kaniv. Kani010403151222

Picnic by the road, a typical weekend pastime. In the photo are Elena and Leonid Prokopenko. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kanivs'kyi raion -- Kaniv. Kani010403151832

An apartment building near the university. Ukraine -- Kharkivs'ka oblast' -- Kharkivs'kyi raion -- Kharkiv. Khar010328164856

A panoramic view of the central square of the city. A statue of Lenin still stands in the middle. Ukraine -- Kharkivs'ka oblast' -- Kharkivs'kyi raion -- Kharkiv. Khar010401145753

A neighborhood park on the outskirts of town. Ukraine -- Kharkivs'ka oblast' -- Kharkivs'kyi raion -- Kharkiv. Khar010401150445

The statue of Taras Shevchenko, Ukraine's most famous poet, in front of the park in downtown Kharkiv. The figures around the statue portray characters from Shevchenko poems. Ukraine -- Kharkivs'ka oblast' -- Kharkivs'kyi raion -- Kharkiv. Khar010401151209

The family car. Old cars are kept serviceable through a combination of engineering know-how and pirated parts. Ukraine -- Kharkivs'ka oblast' -- Kharkivs'kyi raion -- Kharkiv. Khar010401151906

Kharkiv is a city on two levels. Like most old cities, it started as a fortress on a hill. This is a view down from the old section to the lower part of Kharkiv. Ukraine -- Kharkivs'ka oblast' -- Kharkivs'kyi raion -- Kharkiv. Khar010401152614

The University of Kharkiv. Ukraine -- Kharkivs'ka oblast' -- Kharkivs'kyi raion -- Kharkiv. Khar010401153426

One of the old cathedrals, about to be restored. Many churches were used for other than religious purposes during the Soviet era. Some were turned into war museums. Others were used for intentionally disrespectful purposes, such as to store animal feed. Almost all have now been turned over to churches of various affiliations (almost all are Orthodox, but some are affiliated with the Moscow Patriarchate and some are Ukrainian) and are now being restored. Ukraine -- Kharkivs'ka oblast' -- Kharkivs'kyi raion -- Kharkiv. Khar010401154330

Entertaining in the home. The Denysenko family. Ukraine -- Kharkivs'ka oblast' -- Kharkivs'kyi raion -- Kharkiv. Khar010401155008

The elderly and disabled are taken care of in the home, no matter how sick or disabled they may be. State facilities accept only those who have no family. In the photo are Tatiana Denysenko, Oleksii Metsinger, and Valeria Denysenko. Ukraine -- Kharkivs'ka oblast' -- Kharkivs'kyi raion -- Kharkiv. Khar010401155826

The elderly and disabled are taken care of in the home, no matter how sick or disabled they may be. State facilities accept only those who have no family. In the photo are Tatiana Denysenko, Oleksii Metsinger, and Valeria Denysenko. Ukraine -- Kharkivs'ka oblast' -- Kharkivs'kyi raion -- Kharkiv. Khar010401160607

Tatiana Denysenko, music teacher and cabaret singer. She writes some of her own songs and also writes poetry. Ukraine -- Kharkivs'ka oblast' -- Kharkivs'kyi raion -- Kharkiv. Khar010401161227

The home of Nastia Oleksiiivna Haiduk. This view is of the interior of a shed, showing both wicker baskets and more modern storage containers. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nizhens'kyi raion -- Kolesnyki. Kole0239

A thatch-covered house of the older type. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nizhens'kyi raion -- Kolesnyki. Kole0240

Vera Korotovna, an informant who spoke about wedding customs. Here she is showing how the starosty (elders) sent by the potential groom wrapped a bread in a kerchief, here called "riaba khustka", in order to present it to the parents of the bride. This presentation is made when the groom, in the company of the elders (starosty) he has selected, goes to the parents of the bride to ask for their daughter's hand in marriage. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nizhens'kyi raion -- Kolesnyki. Kole0241

A group of informants who spoke about weddings and other life cycle customs. They also gave information about courtship and performed some courtship songs. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nizhens'kyi raion -- Kolesnyki. Kole0242

This is a mixed village. Part of it is indigenous residents, and part is made up of people who resettled from the Chornobyl region. The ones here are from the village of Burlivka. Pictured in the photo is Kateryna Pavlivna Vashchenko, DOB 1922. She is one of the resettled people from Chornobyl. She was an informant on the life cycle and some of the yearly cycle, specifically the three "dedy" which come in November. These are days when the deceased ancestors are supposed to return. She also does babuvannia, which here means that she takes care of sick children and people in general. She has assorted scraps of papers with incantations. She calls these prayers. Because she sees these as prayers, she is quite willing recite them for us, to teach us how to pray properly and when. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Makarivs'kyi raion -- Korolivka. Koro010129122216

This is a mixed village of indigenous residents and people resettled from the Chornobyl region (the village of Burlivka). Pictured is Kateryna Pavlivna Vashchenko, DOB 1922. She is one of the resettled people from Chornobyl. She acted as an informant on the life cycle and some yearly cycle. She also does babuvannia, which here means that she takes care of sick children and people in general. Here she is explaining the various prayers and methods of praying. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Makarivs'kyi raion -- Korolivka. Koro010129124028

This is a mixed village comprised of indigenous residents and people resettled from the village of Burlivka in the Chornobyl region. Pictured is Kateryna Pavlivna Vashchenko, DOB 1922. She is one of the resettled people from Chornobyl. She was an informant on the life cycle and some of the yearly cycle. She also does babuvannia, which here means that she takes care of sick children and people in general. She will perform incantations over people who are not really ill, but just mildly distressed - to help them feel better. She did one such incantation for me and here is doing one over Natalia Havryliuk, folklorist and member of the Ryl's'kyi Folklore Institute of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Makarivs'kyi raion -- Korolivka. Koro010205111751

This is a mixed village of indigenous residents and people resettled from the village of Burlivka in the Chornobyl region. Pictured is a view of the roads between the Chornobyl and indigenous sections of the village. The houses in the Chornobyl area are pre-fabricated and not very attractive. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Makarivs'kyi raion -- Korolivka. Koro010205112959

This is a mixed village comprised of indigenous members and people resettled from the village of Burlivka in the Chornobyl region. Pictured are village roads and the cows coming home from pasture in the early evening. They will be milked and put in barns for the night. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Makarivs'kyi raion -- Korolivka. Koro010205113656

This is a mixed village, comprised of indigenous people and people resettled from the Burlivka village in the Chornobyl region. Pictured is Mariia Petrivna Onikienko, DOB 1930. She is originally from the Chornobyl region, born in the village of Ilintsy and married into the village of Burlivka. She tells about life cycle ritual. She does the ritual of the babina kasha, or midwife's porridge at baptism. She does not perform the function of a midwife, because these are not used anymore, but she does bake a kasha which is brought to the baptism. The pot in which the kasha was baked must be broken and the kasha retain its shape. She then becomes baba (grandmother) to the children for whom she performed this ritual. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Makarivs'kyi raion -- Korolivka. Koro010205115800

This is a mixed village comprised of indigenous people and people resettled from the Burlivka village in the Chornobyl region. Pictured is Mariia Petrivna Onikienko, DOB 1930. She tells about life cycle, especially baptism. Seated with her is Nataliia Havryliuk, folklorist and member of the Ryl's'kyi Folklore Institute of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Makarivs'kyi raion -- Korolivka. Koro010205121926

This is a mixed village of indigenous people and people resettled from the village of Burlivka in the Chornobyl region. Pictured is the home of Mariia Petrivna Onikienko, with a neighbor who stopped by to visit. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Makarivs'kyi raion -- Korolivka. Koro010205124037

This is a mixed village of indigenous people and people resettled from the Burlivka village in the Chornobyl region. Pictured is Tetiana Oksentivna Levchenko, DOB 1923, one of the indigenous residents. She was an informant on life cycle ritual, and on some material culture. She gave me a shirt made completely by her mother, who grew the hemp, threshed and carded it, spun it, wove it, and sewed the piece. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Makarivs'kyi raion -- Korolivka. Koro010205125156

This is a mixed village of indigenous residents and people who were resettled from the Burlivka village in the Chornobyl region. Pictured is Tetiana Oksentivna Levchenko, DOB 1923. She is one of the indigenous residents of the village and was on informant on life cycle ritual and some material culture. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Makarivs'kyi raion -- Korolivka. Koro010205130920

This is a mixed village of indigenous rseidents and people who were resettled from the Burlivka village in the Chornobyl region. Pictured is Tetiana Oksentivna Levchenko, DOB 1923. She is one of the indigenous residents and served as an informant on life cycle ritual and some material culture. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Makarivs'kyi raion -- Korolivka. Koro010205131658

This is a mixed village of indigenous residents and people who were resettled from the Burlivka village in the Chornobyl region. This is the home of Tetiana Oksentivna Levchenko, DOB 1923, and pictured is her neighbor, Evdokiia Semenivna Klokun, DOB 1916. She was an informant on life cycle ritual. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Makarivs'kyi raion -- Korolivka. Koro010205132629

This is a village of mixed indigenous residents and people resettled from the Chornobyl region. Pictured is Tetiana Oksentivna Levchenko, DOB 1923, one of the indigenous residents. She is showing Nataliia Havryliuk, Kyiv folklorist, some of the contents of her funeral bundle. Here she shows the cross that goes around the deceased's neck, the one that is placed in the hands, and the passport (prokhidna). Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Makarivs'kyi raion -- Korolivka. Koro010219154931

This is a mixed village of indigenous residents and people resettled from the Chornobyl region. Pictured is Tetiana Oksentivna Levchenko, DOB 1923. She is showing some of the contents of her funeral bundle to Nataliia Havryliuk, Kyiv folklorist. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Makarivs'kyi raion -- Korolivka. Koro010219160039

This is a mixed village of indigenous residents and people resettled from the Chornobyl region. Pictured is Tetiana Oksentivna Levchenko, DOB 1923. She is showing some of the contents of her funeral bundle. Here is the kerchief that every married woman must have. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Makarivs'kyi raion -- Korolivka. Koro010219161053

Katia Deikun, an informant about basic life cycle imformation, including some information about remarriage. Also pictured here is her daughter, Liuba Hryhorivna Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Krasenivka. Kras0059

Vaselyna Voskobiinyk, an informant about basic life cycle information, including a story about a mean mother-in-law who kept her working even while she was pregnant. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Krasenivka. Kras0060

Nastia Oksamytna, the grandmother of Andrii, the folklorist's driver, in her everyday clothing: this is how she looked when the folklorist arrived. This woman is particularly significant as a source for clothing and housing information. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion --Krasnokhyzhyntsi. Kras0081

A view of the inside of Nastia Oksamytna's home. This woman is particularly significant as a source for clothing and housing information. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion --Krasnokhyzhyntsi. Kras0082

A view of the inside of Nastia Oksamytna's home. This woman is particularly significant as a source for clothing and housing information. Note the rushnyky or embroidered towels around all pictures. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion --Krasnokhyzhyntsi. Kras0083

Nastia Oksamytna, her grandson Andrii (the folklorist's driver), and a view of the inside of her home. They are seated in front of the icon corner. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion --Krasnokhyzhyntsi. Kras0084

Nastia Oksamytna standing next to her grandson Andrii (the folklorist's driver), and a view of the inside of her home. Note the icon corner in the background with its window-like treatment, complete with "curtains." Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion --Krasnokhyzhyntsi. Kras0085

This photo was collected from Kateryna Lukivna Daiikun and her daughter Liubov. It was taken in approximately 1959 and shows a military recruit named Vasyl' Panasovych Vyshnia. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Krasenivka. Kras010410151708

Examples of material culture--note the house, fence, and yard. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Kropyvne. Krop0090

Oleksandr Borysenko, the village head or "holova sil'rady" of a very prosperous village. This photo also displays house decoration, and the treatment of windows and doors in particular. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Kropyvne. Krop0091

Mariia Shakun, an informant who gave fairly complete and detailed life cycle information, especially about birth and baptism. Also note the treatment of the icon corner in this photo. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Kropyvne. Krop0092

A folk singing collective. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Kropyvne. Krop0093

A folk singing collective. They specialize in singing ritual songs. They can be asked to sing at a wedding or other ceremonial occasions, and generally try to perserve songs indigenous to their village. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Kropyvne. Krop0094

A view of the material culture of the village of Kropyvne Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Kropyvne. Krop0095

A view of the material culture of the village of Kropyvne Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Kropyvne. Krop0096

A view of the material culture of the village of Kropyvne Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Kropyvne. Krop0097

A photo of a kindergarten, taken in the late 1940s or early 1950s. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Kropyvne. Krop010323112416

A wedding photo of Ivan Krushpet, who died in 1931. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Kropyvne. Krop010323113534

Photo of Tetiana Petrash (patronymic not known), taken in the 1960s. The picture was collected from Halyna Photo of Tetiana Petrash (patronymic not known), taken in the 1960s. The picture was collected from Halyna Dmytrivna Petrash. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Kropyvne. Krop010323114446

A photo taken in 1956 of a couple and their two children. The names of the couple are Petro Mykolaiovych Dzhelymens'kyi and his wife Halyna Ivanivna. Their children are named Andrii and Vira. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Kropyvne. Krop010406105235

A photo taken August 12, 1952. The inscription on the back reads: "A photo for Petia, beloved and dear to our hearts, from his wife Halia and his daughter Verochka. This is our image so that you may remember us lovingly always." Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Kropyvne. Krop010406110143

A photo taken in approximately 1970. It shows the bride with 4 female attendants, called druzhky, carrying ritual breads or shyshky and going out to invite guests to the wedding. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Kropyvne. Krop010410134745

Shown is a bride with her attendants, called druzhky. One of the women pictured is Vira Petrivna Luzhnyk, DOB 1952 - she is probably one of the attendants. The photo was taken "approximately 30 years ago," therefore in the 1960s. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Kropyvne. Krop010410140520

Pictured is a bride, Valentyna Oleksandrivna Khvyl', with her four attendants, or druzhky. The photo was taken "approximately 30 years ago," therefore in the 1960s. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Kropyvne. Krop010410141716

A photo of a bride, Valentyna Oleksandrivna Khvyl', and her groom, Mykhailo (patronymic unknown), taken "approximately 30 years ago," therefore in the 1960s. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Kropyvne. Krop010410143820

This is a photo of the wedding of Vera Ivanivna Horoshko. Events pictured here are taking place on Sunday, near the house. The picture was taken in approximately 1962. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Kropyvne. Krop010410144725

This photo shows a bride, Vira Petrivna Luzhnyk, nee Dzhemelyns'ka, and her druzhky, or attendants, inviting people to the wedding. It was taken in approximately 1971. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Zolotonis'kyi raion -- Kropyvne. Krop010410150037

The pich' (stove) and the shelf above the stove where elders and children might sleep, especially in winter. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Krut'ky. Krut0075

The pich' (stove): climbing onto the shelf above the stove where elders and children might sleep, especially in winter. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Krut'ky. Krut0076

The pich' (stove) and the shelf above the stove where elders and children might sleep, especially in winter. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Krut'ky. Krut0077

A local performing group. This group preserves local traditions, especially weddings; they have a little notebook or handbook where they write down material in order to remember it. They can be asked to stand on the stage during a civil wedding and sing wedding songs. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Krut'ky. Krut0078

A museum in Krut'ky. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Krut'ky. Krut0079

A museum in Krut'ky. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Krut'ky. Krut0080

Wedding breads ready in the bride's household on the morning of the wedding. The round breads are shyshky and the square bread is the korovai. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Krut'ky. Krut0112

Wedding breads ready in the bride's household on the morning of the wedding. The round breads are shyshky and the square bread is the korovai. The bride, Liubov' Shchepak, ties a ribbon around the koravai. She is getting married to Oleksii Oleksiiovych Artemenko. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Krut'ky. Krut0113

Wedding in Krut'ky. The stove is being heated up at the bride's house. It will be used to warm up the food for the guests; the food has been prepared in advance. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Krut'ky. Krut0114

Wedding in Krut'ky. At the bride's house, the druzhka (attendant) is helping the bride get dressed. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Krut'ky. Krut0115

Wedding in Krut'ky. At the bride's house, the druzhka (attendant) is helping the bride with the veil. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Krut'ky. Krut0116

Wedding in Krut'ky. At the bride's house, the druzhka (attendant) is pinning the paper wedding flowers on the groom. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Krut'ky. Krut0117

Wedding in Krut'ky. At the bride's house, the pots of food are ready to be put in the stove to heat. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Krut'ky. Krut0118

Wedding in Krut'ky. Pots of food to be heated for the wedding guests. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Krut'ky. Krut0119

Wedding in Krut'ky. The wedding party walking from the World War II statue in the center of the village to the "klub" (Soviet-style club which has now become the place for civil wedding ceremonies). The couple is having a civil ceremony and it will take place here. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Krut'ky. Krut0120

Wedding in Krut'ky. Entering the "klub" (Soviet-style club which has now become the place for civil wedding ceremonies). The couple is having a civil ceremony and it will take place here. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Krut'ky. Krut0121

Wedding in Krut'ky. On stage at the "klub" during the ceremony. The bride and groom stand on a rushnyk (ritual towel) spread by their two mothers. The woman in red is the official who will conduct the ceremony. On stage with the bride and groom are both sets of parents and two sets of godparents, as well as a folk singing collective. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Krut'ky. Krut0122

Wedding in Krut'ky. On stage at the "klub" during the ceremony. A view of the auditorium where the wedding guests were assembled. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Krut'ky. Krut0123

Wedding in Krut'ky. Exiting the stage after the civil ceremony in the "klub." Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Krut'ky. Krut0129

Wedding in Krut'ky. Setting up the make-shift tents, made of poles covered with canvas and with plastic garbage bags. These will protect the wedding guests from the rain as they sit down to the wedding feast. This tent was at the groom's home. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Krut'ky. Krut0130

Wedding in Krut'ky. Setting out the plates to serve the several hundred wedding guests. This is at the home of the groom. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Krut'ky. Krut0131

Wedding in Krut'ky. The wedding train assembles at the groom's house. The train will be dispatched by the groom's mother and will go to the bride's house to pick up the bride. At the head of the train are the two starosty (elders) who represent the groom in all dealings with the bride's family. They are tied with rushnyky (ritual towels) which mark their position and which are gifts given in payment for the service they provide in the ritual. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Krut'ky. Krut0132

Wedding in Krut'ky. The groom's train arrives at the bride's house and meets resistence; the members of the bride's household, especially the men, will not let them enter. In the background, top, the groom is being hoisted over the fence by the members of his wedding train. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Krut'ky. Krut0133

Wedding in Krut'ky. The mother of the bride ties a kerchief around the arm of the svitilka (groom's female attendant, usually his relative; svitilka also means bearer of the flame or light). This is a gesture of welcome; the kerchief is a present. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Krut'ky. Krut0134

Wedding in Krut'ky. The groom's wedding train in the yard of the bride's home. The groom is in the middle, the starosty (elders) on either side, the svitilka (female attendant, bearer of the light) is to the right. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Krut'ky. Krut0135

Wedding in Krut'ky. The bride is seated in the tent at her home, awaiting the arrival of the groom and his train. Next to her is her youngest male relative, held in the lap of his mother. The groom will have to buy a place next to the bride from her youngest male relative. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Krut'ky. Krut0136

Wedding in Krut'ky. The groom takes his place next to the bride. Above them are the two wedding icons which will later hang over their bed when they move into his parents' home. In front of them is a korovai and also two champagne bottles tied with a ribbon. Both items are traditionally present at the table where the bride and groom sit. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Krut'ky. Krut0137

Wedding in Krut'ky. The wedding guests enjoying the feast inside the tent at the home of the bride. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Krut'ky. Krut0138

Wedding in Krut'ky. A group of wedding guests at the home of the bride. This group sat slightly apart and indulged in singing old fashioned wedding songs, some with off-color content. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Krut'ky. Krut0139

Wedding in Krut'ky. The tent at the bride's home where the dishes are washed between the several meals served to the wedding guests. Guests are fed right after the civil ceremony (essentially a lunch). After the groom picks up the bride and departs, there will be another meal for the smaller number of guests who are the relatives of the bride and will not follow her to the groom's home. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Krut'ky. Krut0140

Wedding in Krut'ky. Guests dancing after the daytime meal at the home of the bride. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Krut'ky. Krut0141

Wedding in Krut'ky. The mother of the bride ties the hands of the bride and groom together. To the left is the bride's father. Also in the picture is the woman who held the little boy from whom the groom had to buy a place at the wedding table. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Krut'ky. Krut0142

Wedding in Krut'ky. The mother of the bride leads the couple three times around the decorated car which will take them to his home. This is the point where she separates from her daughter for good. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Krut'ky. Krut0143

Wedding in Krut'ky. The mother and father of the groom greet the couple with shyshky (ritual breads) and rushnyky (ritual towels). Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Krut'ky. Krut0144

Wedding in Krut'ky. The musicians set up at the home of the groom. This group was a rock band and played Russian and Ukrainian contemporary music. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Krut'ky. Krut0145

Wedding in Krut'ky. A young wedding guest. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Krut'ky. Krut0146

Wedding in Krut'ky. The starosta (ritual elder) begins the gift-giving at the groom's home. He offers a piece of the korovai and asks the guests to come up and offer gifts to the couple. The godparents and parents are called upon to give gifts first; then the younger relatives and friends of the couple. After that, the wedding guests come up of their own volition and in no particular order to give gifts. Gift-giving takes place at both houses, first at the home of the bride, before the departure to the groom's home, then at the home of the groom, as here. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Krut'ky. Krut0147

Wedding in Krut'ky. Wedding guests. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Krut'ky. Krut0148

Wedding in Krut'ky. Dancing well into the night. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Krut'ky. Krut0149

Home of Vdovenko, Lidiia Mykolaiivna, DOB 1950. Nataliia Havryliuk, folklorist, Ryl's'kyi Institute, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, holds up a traditional skirt (spidnytsia) belonging to Lidiia Mykolaiivna. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast'. Kyii010129161651

Home of Vdovenko, Lidiia Mykolaiivna, DOB 1950. Nataliia Havryliuk, folklorist, Ryl's'kyi Institute, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences and Lidiia Mykolaiivna demonstrate more traditional clothing. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast'. Kyii010129162737

Vdovenko, Lidiia Mykolaiivna, DOB 1950, being shy. She is an informant on life cycle topics. She is also a member of a group interested in local folk music that gets together and performs. On occasion, they get invited to perform in big cities. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast'. Kyii010129163609

Home of Vdovenko, Lidiia Mykolaiivna, DOB 1950. She is showing a folk instrument in her possession. This is a set of wooden sticks on a string. The string is pulled and the sticks clang together. This is a percussion instrument. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast'. Kyii010129164239

Home of Vdovenko, Lidiia Mykolaiivna, DOB 1950. She is showing a folk instrument in her possession. This is a rubalo, a stick used for "ironing" linens. The linen item is rolled around a round stick and then rubbed with the rubalo, which is flatter and has cut-in grooves or ridges. This method softens the linen and produces a nice drape. As a musical instrument, the ridges of the rubalo are rubbed with a stick to produce a sound. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast'. Kyii010129165317

Home of Vdovenko, Lidiia Mykolaiivna, DOB 1950. Another member of the group interested in local folk music: Skyrnyk, Tetiana Makarivna, DOB 1951. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast'. Kyii010129170023

Home of Vdovenko, Lidiia Mykolaiivna. Pictured is the only male member of the group interested in local folk music: Solonyi, Mykhailo Mykhailovych, DOB 1938. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast'. Kyii010129170832

Home of Vdovenko, Lidiia Mykolaiivna, DOB 1950. Pictured is another member of the group interested in local folk music: Hubata, Halyna Afanasivna, DOB 1950. She also has interesting jewelry: a blue eye charm which is called "the eye of God" and is supposed to ward off the evil eye. It is a piece of blue glass set in gold. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast'. Kyii010129171622

Home of Vdovenko, Lidiia Mykolaiivna, DOB 1950. The entire folk music group minus the hostess is pictured: Hubata, Halyna Afanasivna, DOB 1950; Solonyi, Mykhailo Mykhailovych, DOB 1938; Skyrnyk, Tetiana Makarivna, DOB 1951, and Pylypenko, Halyna Makarivna, DOB 1948. In the middle of the room is a makytra (lagre ceramic pot) filled with varenyky (stuffed dumplings) with which this group greeted their guests. Here the guests are the photographer and Nataliia Havryliuk. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast'. Kyii010129172614

Home of Vdovenko, Lidiia Mykolaiivna, DOB 1950. A view of the group having finished eating and getting out their instuments in preparation for playing. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast'. Kyii010129173336

Home of Vdovenko, Lidiia Mykolaiivna, DOB 1950. The group in the middle of a performance. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast'. Kyii010129174043

Home of Vdovenko, Lidiia Mykolaiivna, DOB 1950. Solonyi, Mykhailo Mykhailovych, DOB 1938, shows how he plays his percussion instrument. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast'. Kyii010129174821

This is in one of the public schools. The teacher, Liubov' Prokopivna Naida, born in 1947, has an amateur interest in ethnography and collects examples of crafts. She also has a monetary interest in embroidery, which she collects to sell. Here are cloth manufacture items on display in her classroom: a spinning wheel and the comb used for carding flax. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast'. Kyii010131143600

Liubov' Prokopivna Naida, born in 1947, in her home. Decorative rug on the wall. In this area, pillows are embroidered on the ends. These were done by Liuba Naida herself. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast'. Kyii010131150653

On the road to selo Svitilne, Brovarivs'kyi raion, Kyivs'ka oblast. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast'. Kyii010201152905

On the road to selo Svitilne, Brovarivs'kyi raion, Kyivs'ka oblast. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast'. Kyii010201153533

A horse-drawn wagon. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast'. Kyii010201154122

The village head (holova silrady), Diachenko, Iurii Konstantynovych, DOB1961, inside a municipal building. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast'. Kyii010201155012

The remnants of an iron-age fort in selo Svitilne, Brovarivs'kyi raion, Kyivs'ka oblast. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast'. Kyii010201155632

Home of Pavlenko, Pavlo Trykonovych, DOB 1930. A view showing the yard, the exterior of the house, and the storage area. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast'. Kyii010201160422

Home of Pavlenko, Pavlo Trykonovych, DOB 1930. A view of the yard, showing a komora or traditional cellar for storing root crops, cabbage, canned goods. The komora entrance is on the right and it is quite ornate and fancy. A huge modern garage is on the left. A garage, especially one of this size is not typical of village homes. However, most people who do have cars, or have relatives with cars who come to visit, keep their cars in garages for fear of theft. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast'. Kyii010201161249

Pavlo Stepanovych Suprun, performer, artist, bandura player, composer, playing outside the Lavra in Kyiv. His performance venue is becoming more and more restricted. At the time of this photo, he was allowed to sing only in an area outside the main grounds of the Lavra. He claims this is because the Lavra has been turned over to the Russian Orthodox Church which is not favorably disposed to Ukrainian performers. Another problem is that minstrels are again seen as beggars of sorts. In this picture, next to Suprun stands a gypsy girl who is, in fact, a beggar. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010205122430

A young couple courting outside the Lavra. The Lavra is the cave monastery and one of the holiest places in Ukraine. Relics of monks who lived and died there are on display. This was true during the Soviet period. The relics and the place as a whole are a destination for pilgrims and other devout people. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010205123231

Gypsy children outside the Lavra. Because the Lavra is a holy place and people go there on pilgrimages, they are considered especially favorably disposed toward the poor and likely to give alms. Children beg there, as do cripples. Gypsy children also beg in the center of the city. Some people claim that guilds of beggars, like those of old, have been revived and that they gather to divide territory, assigning places where each will beg. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010205124019

Pavlo Stepanovych Suprun, performer, artist, bandura player, composer, playing outside the Lavra in Kyiv. Next to him is a man from L'viv who was enraptured by his performance. Bandura players are more characteristic of the area of Ukraine which corresponds to the former Hetmante, the regions of Kyiv, Chernihiv, Poltava. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010205124621

A big rynok or market in the Podol region, the area at the bottom of the hill near the river that had once been the dwelling place of shippers and merchants. People throng the streets examining merchandise. Villagers will bring their produce to such markets to sell, if they can afford to do so. Village wares and produce fetch better prices in cities. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010205125432

A big rynok or market in the Podol region. A woman is selling baked goods. Her featured item is a very fancy wedding bread or korovai. The different color decoration is made with unleavened dough. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010205130017

A big rynok or market in the Podol region. A village woman is using a bench to display her brooms. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010205130533

A big market or rynok in the Podol region. Oleksandr Ivanovych Petrovs'ki, secretary of the International Association for Ukrainian Studies. Before his retirement, he was a member of the Institute of Literature of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010205131248

People shopping in a big market or rynok in the Podol region. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010205131834

An architectural monument near a big rynok or market in the Podol region. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010205132330

A big rynok or market in the Podol region. Off the back of trucks people who work in sugar factories sell huge, 40 kilo sacks of sugar. They were being paid in these rather than cash and, those who could, brought them to the city to sell. Those who could not find transportation were selling bags like this by the roadside. They charged a lower price. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010205133314

Handmade baskets for sale in a big rynok or market in the Podol region. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010205133809

Looking up Andrievs'kyi uzviz, a steep street that connects the upper and lower parts of Kyiv. This area becomes a market on holidays and weekends for crafts, antiques, and various village wares. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010206152412

A view of St. Andrew's cathedral at the top of Andrievs'kyi uzviz. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010206153132

A woman selling wedding and other towels (rushnyky) on Andrievs'kyi uzviz. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010206153638

A view of St. Michael's Square. The bell tower is under construction. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010206154222

Heading away from St. Michael's Square down Volodymyrs'kyi prospect. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010206155021

A fancy wedding salon near the ZAGS in Kyiv. Assorted wedding dresses are on display. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010206155652

Assorted wedding dresses on display in a fancy wedding salon near the ZAGS in Kyiv. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010206162157

Wedding attire on display in a fancy wedding salon near the ZAGS in Kyiv. The red dress is also a wedding dress. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010206162824

Veils, wedding towels (rushnyky), and icons on display in a fancy wedding salon near the ZAGS in Kyiv. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010206163432

More dresses and wedding towels (rushnyky) in a fancy wedding salon near the ZAGS in Kyiv. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010206164034

A triple wedding, two young couples and an older one, in St. Volodymyr Cathedral. The cathedral publishes a list of fees and a list of the items needed for a wedding. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010206164730

A triple wedding, two young couples and an older one, in St. Volodymyr Cathedral. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010206165255

A triple wedding, two young couples and one older, in St. Volodymyr Cathedral. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010206165924

A triple wedding, two young couples and an older one, in St. Volodymyr Cathedral. One of the young couples has been given their wedding icons draped in rushnyky and is being led around the altar. The wedding ceremony for the older couple was much simpler. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010209101046

A triple wedding, two young couples and one older one, at St. Volodymyr Cathedral. Outside the cathedral. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010209101837

A triple wedding, two young couples and one older one, at St. Volodymyr Cathedral. Outside the cathedral. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010209102445

A sighted minstrel performs on the grounds of St. Sophia Cathedral. He tries to earn money for his performance by selling recordings and various paraphernalia. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010209103015

A sighted minstrel performs on the grounds of St. Sophia Cathedral. He tries to earn money for his performance by selling recordings and various paraphernalia. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010209103802

Saint Sophia Cathedral Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010209104323

Contemporary wedding towels made by Halyna Vasylivna Kapas. The central towel is the one on which the couple stands when they take their vows. The two towels at the sides are used for holding the icons with which the couple is blessed. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010214155115

A contemporary Christmas rushnyk made by Halyna Vasylivna Kapas. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010214161204

On the road between Kyiv and Bilatserkva, Kyivs'ka oblast. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast'. Kyii010219161919

On the road between Kyiv and Bilatserkva, Kyivs'ka oblast. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast'. Kyii010219162836

On the road between Kyiv and Bilatserkva, Kyivs'ka oblast. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast'. Kyii010219163544

On the road between Kyiv and Bilatserkva, Kyivs'ka oblast. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast'. Kyii010219163745

The Taras Shevchenko park. Men play chess outdoors in all kinds of weather and virtually all year-round. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010220155844

The Taras Shevchenko park. A view of one of the walk-ways. In the background is the statue of Taras Shevchenko, perhaps Ukraine's greatest and most famous poet. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010220160552

Khreshchatyk, the main street in Kyiiv. The photograph shows Volodymyr Fed'ko, a professional photographer, in front of one of the trolleys that serve as public transportation. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010220161231

A cafe. In the Soviet period, cafes were built so as not to encourage either lingering and relaxing or social interaction. Note that there are no seats. One buys the food that one wants, puts the bags one is invariably carrying on the shelf that is under each table, eats one's food and gets back to work. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010220162022

A view of a particularly fancy residential building on one of the side streets near the center of the city. In the post-Soviet period, this area has become a prime and extremely high-priced residential and commercial district. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010220162739

A view down Khreshchatyk, the main street of Kyiiv. Note the rather drab retail establishments. The area looks very different now and the stores are large and colorful. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010220163410

Front view of the University of Kyiiv, the red campus. Supposedly the radical students supporting the Soviet Socialist Revolution painted the main buildings of the University red to express their political sentiments. The red campus has stayed red ever since. The rest of the university is painted a more discreet yellow/beige, like many of the buildings in the center of the city. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010220164155

A classroom of folklore students at the University of Kyiiv. Note that the students do not have individual desks, but sit in pairs. This can be viewed as another expression of the group or communal orientation of this part of the world. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010220164739

Lydia Dunaevs'ka, a professor of folklore at the University of Kyiiv, in her office. Her speciality is folktale. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010220165458

At the dedication of a new building on the outskirts of Kyiiv. Modified versions of the rituals for blessing a new building and insuring that its house spirit was properly welcomed were practiced in the Soviet period. At the dedication of a new building, city and other officials gave speeches, as in the photograph here. Various amateur performing groups, such as the one to which Natalie Kononenko belonged, were invited to sing and dance to properly "open" the building. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010220170252

A view of the Mother/Fatherland statue (Batkivshchyna Maty) erected to commemorate the soldiers killed in the Second World War. Most large cities have a statue of this sort. It is always female and represents the homeland. The one in Kyiiv was particularly controversial because it was built near the Lavra, the sacred and much revered Cave Monastery, and also because it was built on what was considered the "bald" or witches' mountain of the area. There was protest that the sword of the statue extended higher than any of the cupolas of the Cave Monastery and the sword was apparently cut to quell public protest. Many urban legends that imply that the statue was cursed circulated during the late Soviet era. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010220171712

The Mother/Fatherland statue on the hillside near the Cave Monastery or Lavra. The view here is of the large square or open area leading up to the museum under the statue. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010226140436

The Mother/Fatherland statue on the hillside near the Cave Monastery or Lavra. The view here is up the hillside toward the statue. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010226141610

The Mother/Fatherland statue on the hillside near the Cave Monastery or Lavra. The view here is of the park near the statue. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010226142851

Statues of the Scythian period, removed from kurgans or found in the steppe and brought to Kyiv. These are on display in the park near the grounds of St. Sophia. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010226143918

The Mother/Fatherland statue on the hillside near the Cave Monastery or Lavra. The view here is of the large square or open area leading up to the museum under the statue. Because this is a statue commemorating war dead, it is popular with enlisted men. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010226144609

A view from the top of the Cave Monastery or Lavra. In the foreground are the many smaller churches on the Lavra grounds. In the background is the Mother/Fatherland statue or Batkivshchyna Maty Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010226145504

Statues of the Scythian period, pemoved from kurgans or found in the steppe and brought to Kyiv. These are on display in the park near the grounds of St. Sophia. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010226150253

The Mother/Fatherland statue on the hillside near the Cave Monastery or Lavra. The view here is of the park near the statue. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010226150900

The Mother/Fatherland statue on the hillside near the Cave Monastery or Lavra. In back of the statue is a substantial collection of military hardware which is on display in outdoor museum form. In the base of the statue is a museum to the men who have died in battle, showing various personal items, memorabilia. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010226151810

A view of the grounds of the Lavra, or Cave Monastery, in Kyiiv. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010227153212

A view from the Lavra, or Cave Monastery, showing the tops or cupolas of several of the smaller churches on the grounds. The Cave Monastery stands on top of a mountain overlooking the Dnipro (Dnieper) River. The river and one of its bridges are visible to the left. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010227160500

A view of the Dnipro (Dnieper) River and of the Left Bank of Kyiiv. As Kyiiv grew, it expanded not only inland from the first settlements on the river banks, but also to the areas across the river. At one point, this area was a separate municipality called Darnytsia. Now it is a subdivision of Kyiiv characterized by large, modern apartment buildings. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010227161903

The 70th anniversary of the Soviet Socialist Revolution. The river end of Khreshchatyk, the main street in Kyiiv, is decorated in celebration of the big event. Marx, Engels, and Lenin are on the building to the right. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010227162629

The 70th anniversary of the Soviet Socialist Revolution. The main post office in Kyiiv, on the corner of Khreshchatyk and what was then October Square (Zhovtneva Ploshcha) and later became Independence Square (Ploshcha Nezalezhnosti). On the post office itself is a banner reading "Lenin and October." A smaller banner reads "perebudova - pryskorennia," meaning "Let's speed up Perestroika." Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010227164137

The 70th anniversary of the Soviet Socialist Revolution. The building of the Philharmonic in Kyiiv with portraits of members of the Politburo. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010227164812

The 70th anniversary of the Soviet Socialist Revolution. October Square (Zhovtneva Ploshcha), later Independence Square (Ploshcha Nezalezhnosti), with banners supporting both Soviet ideals and Perestroika. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010227165617

The 70th anniversary of the Soviet Socialist Revolution. The buildings at the back of October Square (Zhovtneva Ploshcha), later Independence Square (Ploshcha Nezalezhnosti), with banners showing the current date and the date of the Soviet Revolution. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010227170343

The 70th anniversary of the Soviet Socialist Revolution. A view of the parade that took place down Khreshchatyk, the main street in Kyiiv, to commemorate the 70th anniversary of the Revolution. Seen are some of the spectators and one of the many pieces of military equipment which took part in the parade. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010227171355

The Mother/Fatherland statue on the hillside near the Cave Monastery or Lavra. In back of the statue is a substantial collection of military hardware which is on display in outdoor museum form Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010301130447

One of the Scythian statues called kamiany baby (stone old women) on display in the outdoor museum near the Lavra or Cave Monastery. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010301131458

Fruktovyi Spas, the blessing of the fruit in the Lavra or Cave Monastery in Kyiv. People gather to have their fruit blessed. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010301132212

Fruktovyi Spas, the blessing of the fruit in the Lavra or Cave Monastery in Kyiiv. The fruit is brought in baskets and laid out on kerchiefs, khustky, or ritual towels, rushnyky. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010301132921

Fruktovyi Spas, the blessing of the fruit in the Lavra or Cave Monastery in Kyiv. People awaiting the church procession. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010301133625

Fruktovyi Spas, the blessing of the fruit in the Lavra or Cave Monastery in Kyiv . The crowds gathered for the blessing and the church procession in the background. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010301134448

Fruktovyi Spas, the blessing of the fruit in the Lavra or Cave Monastery in Kyiiv. The church procession. A young monk (chernets, because he is dressed all in black) walks in front. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010301135136

Fruktovyi Spas, the blessing of the fruit in the Lavra or Cave Monastery in Kyiv. The chief priest, probably the archbishop of Ukraine. A monk holds a bucket of holy water for him and he dips in a feather brush and sprays the holy water on all those present and on the fruit. People try to get the holy water on themselves, not just on their fruit. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010301135724

Pavlo Stepanovych Suprun, a blind minstrel, performs in a folklore classroom at the University of Kyiv. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010301143907

Pavlo Stepanovych Suprun, a blind minstrel, performs in a folklore classroom at the University of Kyiv. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010301144328

Pavlo Stepanovych Suprun, a blind minstrel, performs in his apartment; to the left is his wife Nadiia Mykolaivna. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010301144804

Pavlo Stepanovych Suprun, a blind minstrel, in his apartment. He is showing his musical instrument, the very unusual, asymmetrical bandura, to Gregory Holloway. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010301145327

Pavlo Stepanovych Suprun, blind minstrel, in his apartment with his blind wife, Nadiia Mykolaiivna. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010306144601

Nadiia Mykolaiivna Suprun in her apartment. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010306145521

Pavlo Stepanovych Suprun, blind minstrel, in his apartment. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010306150544

Mykola Lytvyn, part-time minstrel, not blind, performing for the interviewer in a Soviet "house of friendship." Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010306151506

Mykola Lytvyn, part-time minstrel, not blind, performing for he interviewer in a Soviet "house of friendship." Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010306152443

Mykola Lytvyn, part-time minstrel, not blind, in a public performance featuring an assortment of artists, held at the Writers' Union. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010306153719

The 70th anniversary of the Soviet Socialist Revolution. A view of the parade that took place down Khreshchatyk, the main street in Kyiv, to commemorate the 70th anniversary of the Revolution. Seen are some of the spectators and one of the many pieces of military equipment which took part in the parade. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010306154220

A social event held in conjunction with the first meeting of the International Association for Ukrainian Studies. This is a major event because it was a breakthrough in scholarly contact between post-Soviet scholars and their Western colleagues. A minstrel performance was held in conjunction with the event. Performing here is a bandura player who was conservatory-trained and uses a more Western technique and musical style. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010306155043

The 70th anniversary of the Soviet Socialist Revolution. A view of the parade that took place down Khreshchatyk, the main street in Kyiiv, to commemorate the 70th anniversary of the Revolution. Seen are some of the spectators and one of the many pieces of military equipment which took part in the parade. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010306155109

A social event held in conjunction with the first meeting of the International Association for Ukrainian Studies. Performing is an unknown young bandurist. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010306155641

The 70th anniversary of the Soviet Socialist Revolution. A view of Khreshchatyk, the main street in Kyiiv, and some of the decorations used to mark the parade route. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010306155847

The 70th anniversary of the Soviet Socialist Revolution. A view of the parade that took place down Khreshchatyk, the main street in Kyiiv, to commemorate the 70th anniversary of the Revolution. Seen are some of the spectators and one of the many pieces of military equipment which took part in the parade. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010306160536

A social event held in conjunction with the first meeting of the International Association for Ukrainian Studies. Andrii Lytvyn, bandura player and kobzar (minstrel) talks to Andrii Hornjatkevych, folklorist and linguist from Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010306160846

The 70th anniversary of the Soviet Socialist Revolution. Students from the University of Kyiiv all decked out in identical red warm-up suits and pulling a float with an enormous portrait of Lenin. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010306161523

A social event held in conjunction with the first meeting of the International Association for Ukrainian Studies. Andrii Lytvyn, bandura player and kobzar (minstrel) performs for the assembled group. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010306161638

The 70th anniversary of the Soviet Socialist Revolution. Students from the University of Kyiiv all decked out in identical red warm-up suits and carrying portraits of Ukrainian political leaders. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010306162157

The museum that is part of the compound featuring folk housing, clothing, musical instruments, and other aspects of material and social culture. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast'. Kyii010306162423

The 70th anniversary of the Soviet Socialist Revolution. One of the workers collectives that took part in the parade commemorating the Revolution. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010306162920

The 70th anniversary of the Soviet Socialist Revolution. One of the workers collectives that took part in the parade commemorating the Revolution. Please note the yellow placard with its anti-war sentiments. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010306163724

The 70th anniversary of the Soviet Socialist Revolution. One of the amateur folklore collectives that marched in the parade commemorating the Revolution. All of the marchers are in ukraiins'ke, national dress. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010306164516

A contemporary cafe, catering to the younger crowd. This differs radically from Soviet era cafes where patrons could not sit down and relax and socialize. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010306165301

A contemporary cafe, catering to the younger crowd. Note the Marilyn Monroe pinup posters which would have been unthinkable during the Soviet era. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010306165941

The apartment of Oleksandr Petrovs'kyi, retired member of the Academy of Sciences Literature Institute, Secretary of the International Association of Ukrainianists. Guests are always greeted with food. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010306170556

A view of one of the Khrushcheby. These are relatively cheap apartments built quickly at Khrushchev's request to accommodate the growing population. After the destruction of the Second World War, there was a serious housing shortage in general. With increasing urbanzation, housing problems in cities were paticularly acute and Khruschev responded by ordering cheap, prefabricated houses built, mostly on the Left Bank of the Dnipro (Dnieper) River in Kyiiv. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010306171428

Hryhoryi Tkachenko, DOB 1895, architect, amateur painter and amateur kobzar (minstrel) specializing in the old style, hand-made bandura. He is pictured in his home. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010321154445

Hryhoryi Tkachenko, DOB 1895, architect, amateur painter and amateur kobzar (minstrel) specializing in the old-style, hand-made bandura, pictured in his home. He was interviewed, then photographed and recorded while singing. Most of the photographs were taken as he sang the epic song (duma) Marusia Bohuslavka Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010321155341

Hryhoryi Tkachenko, DOB 1895, architect, amateur painter and amateur kobzar (minstrel) specializing in the old-style, hand-made bandura, pictured in his home. He was interviewed, then photographed and recorded while singing. Most of the photographs were taken as he sang the epic song (duma) Marusia Bohuslavka. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010321160112

Hryhoryi Tkachenko, DOB 1895, architect, amateur painter and amateur kobzar (minstrel), specializing in the old-style, hand-made bandura, pictured in his home. He was interviewed, then photographed and recorded while singing. Most of the photographs were taken as he sang the epic song (duma) Marusia Bohuslavka. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010321160857

Hryhoryi Tkachenko, DOB 1895, architect, amateur painter and amateur kobzar (minstrel), specializing in the old-style, hand-made bandura, pictured in his home. He was interviewed, then photographed and recorded while singing. Most of the photographs were taken as he sang the epic song (duma) Marusia Bohuslavka. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010321161720

Hryhoryi Tkachenko, DOB 1895, architect, amateur painter and amateur kobzar (minstrel), specializing in the old-style, hand-made bandura, pictured in his home. He was interviewed, then photographed and recorded while singing. Most of the photographs were taken as he sang the epic song (duma) Marusia Bohuslavka. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010321162423

Hryhoryi Tkachenko, DOB 1895, architect, amateur painter and amateur kobzar (minstrel), pictured in his home. He was interviewed, then photographed and recorded while singing. Most of the photographs were taken as he sang the epic song (duma) Marusia Bohuslavka. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010321163223

Hryhoryi Tkachenko, DOB 1895, archtect, amateur painter and amateur kobzar (minstrel), specializing in the old-style, hand-made bandura, pictured at home. He was interviewed, then photographed and recorded while singing. Most of the photographs were taken as he sang the epic song (duma) Marusia Bohuslavka. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010321163815

Hryhoryi Tkachenko, DOB 1895, architect, amateur painter and amateur kobzar (minstrel), specializing in the old-style, hand-made bandura, pictured at home. He was interviewed, then photographed and recorded while singing. Most of the photographs were taken as he sang the epic song (duma) Marusia Bouslavka. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010321164418

Hryhoryi Tkachenko, DOB 1895, architect, amateur painter and amateur kobzar (minstrel), specializing in the old-style, hand-made bandura, pictured in his home. He was interviewed, then photographed and recorded while singing. Most of the photographs were taken as he sang the epic song (duma) Marusia Bohuslavka. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010322121318

Hryhoryi Tkachenko, DOB 1895, architect, amateur painter and amateur kobzar (minstrel), specializing in the old-style, hand-made bandura, pictured in his home. He was interviewed, then photographed and recorded while singing. Most of the photographs were taken as he sang the epic song (duma) Marusia Bohuslavka. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010322121916

Entertaining in the home of Alla Prokopenko. Seated left to right are Natalie Kononenko, Gregory Holloway, and Alla Prokopenko. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010326160228

The military museum next to the Lavra Monastery in Kyiiv. The large female statue in the background on the left is the Motherland/Fatherland statue dedicated to soldiers fallen in the Second World War. Under it is a military museum and next to it, on the outside, is a showcase of large weapons, tanks, rockets, and so forth. There is a strong association between war and the sacred, an association that some religious people object to. Many churches were converted into war museums in the Soviet era. The military museum here is next to the Lavra Monastery, one of the most sacred sites in Ukraine. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010326161404

An apartment building on the left bank of the Dnipro, one of the so-called Khrushcheby, pre-fabricated buildings mass produced in the 1950's to take care of the enormous housing shortage created by the destruction of the Second World War and the influx of rural population into the cities. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010326162309

A large-caliber weapon on the grounds of the military museum next to the Lavra Monastery. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010326162910

Surrounded by tanks and a helicopter at the military museum next to the Lavra Monastery. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010326163602

On top of the clock tower in the Lavra Monastery. In the photo are Greg Holloway and Natalie Kononenko. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010326164249

On top of the clock tower in the Lavra Monastery. In the photo are Elena Prokopenko, Greg Holloway and Leonid Prokopenko. In the background, left, is the statue to the Second World War, the Batkivshchyna Maty. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010327153840

In a modern apartment. In the photo are Greg Holloway and Elena Prokopenko. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010327154530

In a modern apartment, using a stationary bike. In the photo are Greg Holloway and Oleksii Prokopenko. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010327155318

At the Lavra Monastery. The group is celebrating Fruktovyi Spas, the blessing of the fruit. The church procession, headed by monks in black carrying church banners, makes its way through the crowd. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010327160100

Inside the Lavra Monstery. A view of the main gate and its icons from the inside. To the right are buildings which once served as dormitories and office space and now house museums. In the photo are Elena Prokopenko, Greg Holloway, and Natalie Kononenko. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010327160923

At the home of Hryhorii Nyd'ha, folklorist and writer. With him is Gregory Holloway. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010327161554

A modern wedding, that of Oleksii and Elena Prokopenko. Here the couple stands on a ritual towel or rushnyk and the bride places a wedding ring on the groom's finger. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010328163033

A modern wedding, that of Oleksii and Elena Prokopenko. Here the couple signs the wedding contract inside the Central Wedding Palace in Kyiv. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010328163900

Entertaining in the home of Pavlo Stepanovych Suprun, a blind minstrel, and his wife Nadiia Mykolaivna. Seated left to right are Gregory Holloway, Natalie Kononenko, Pavlo Suprun, and Nadiia Suprun. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010401161931

Pavlo Stepanovych Suprun, a blind minstrel, and his wife Nadiia Mykolaiivna in their apartment in Kyiv. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010401163545

Pavlo Stepanovych Suprun, a blind minstrel, and his wife Nadiia Mykolaiivna in their apartment in Kyiv. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010401164302

Pavlo Stepanovych Suprun, a blind minstrel, shows how he reads Braille. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010403144410

The biggest McDonald's in Kyiv. This one is located in down-town, near one of the largest Metro stops on the main street - Khreshchatyk. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010403152548

One of the churches on the outskirts of the city in the process of being restored. Many churches were used for other than religious purposes during the Soviet era. Some were turned into war museums. Others were used for intentionally disrespectful purposes, such as to store animal feed. Almost all have not been turned over to churches of various affiliations (almost all are Orthodox, but some are affiliated with the Moscow Patriarchate and some are Ukrainian) and are now being restored. This one is near completion. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010403153345

The outdoor museum showing folk material culture of all of the regions of Ukraine. It is on the outskirts of Kyiv in what used to be the village Pirogovo. In the picture are a typical traditional house with white-washed walls and thatched roof and the adjacent barn. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010403153940

The outdoor museum at Pirogovo. A view acroos the fields showing a traditional house to the left and one of the wooden churches in the center, background. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010403154503

The outdoor museum at Pirogovo. A close-up of one of the houses. Note the thatched roof, the whitewash over logs which forms the walls, the decorations around the windows. Note also the zavalenka, the clay ledge or stoop that goes around the house and has the architectural purpose of support. It is typically used as a bench. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010407114328

The outdoor museum at Pirogovo. One of the wooden windmills. This type rotates at the base; the wooden part can be rotated relative to the stone base that supports the mill. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010407115350

The outdoor museum at Pirogovo. An amateur group getting ready to perform "folklore", meaning a reenactment of a village ritual. Some groups are from villages and others are from the city. They were supposed to act as ethnographers, gathering folklore data and then presenting it to the public in venues equivalent to American folk festivals. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010407120505

The outdoor museum at Pirogovo. Lydiia Orel, deputy director, is to the right. Next to her is a member of an amateur group come to perform at one of the many festivals held on the museum grounds. The group member holds a bread on a ritual towel or rushnyk of the Krolovets type. This is the way bread is held when greeting guests. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010407121801

The outdoor museum at Pirogovo. An amateur group reenacting a village wedding. They are supposed to be members of the groom's party arriving at the home of the bride. The woman with the bread is playing the svakha. The man in blue pants portrays the groom. The two men in red are supposed to be the starosty. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010407124404

The outdoor museum at Pirogovo. An amateur group reenacting a village wedding. The table will be the place where the bride and groom sit after he has "bought" her hand in marriage. The women are part of the amateur group which will do most of the singing of ritual songs. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010407125612

The outdoor museum at Pirogovo. Assorted baskets and other storage utensils on display on the grounds of the museum. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010407132303

The outdoor museum at Pirogovo. An amateur group reenacting a village wedding. They sing some of the songs traditionally performed by the friends of the bride. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010407134925

The outdoor museum at Pirogovo. Inside one of the house displays at the museum. Note the stove and sleeping bench. On the stove are cooking utensils, including the double-handled pot. In one side is supposed to go borshch. In the other side goes porridge or kasha. The two together make a complete meal. The area above the stove is used for storage and clothes hang on a pole. To the right, near the ceiling, herbs are hung to dry and to perfume the house. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010407135902

The outdoor museum at Pirogovo. Inside one of the houses. The photo shows the icon corner, with the table beneath the icons. The icons are draped in rushnyky, most of the Chernihiv type, though the one on the furthest right is of the Poltava type. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010407140753

The outdoor museum at Pirogovo. Inside one of the houses. The photo shows the icon corner with the table beneath the icons. Icons are draped in rushnyky or ritual towels. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010407141510

Some of the older graves in one of the central cemeteries. The crosses are metal with placards. Older graves tended to be neglected during the Soviet era and the lettering has worn off the placards. Many are interested in restoring the old crosses with their inscriptions and identifying the relatives buried beneath the old metal crosses. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010409154522

A cemetery in central Kyiv. The grave of a man who died young and violently. He was killed in a motorcycle accident. The gravemarker is stone and has an engraving of the young man made after a photograph of him provided by the parents. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010409155215

A cemetery in central Kyiv. Two relatively recent stone grave markers. This family has tended to avoid the typical Soviet era stone slab with a slanted top. The gravemarkers are for two sisters. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010409160023

A cemetery in central Kyiv. Gravemarkers for a husband and wife who lie here side-by-side, as they did in life. Next to them is the husband's sister, a nurse. Her husband, from what the family knows, was buried in Moscow. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010409160637

A cemetery in central Kyiv. Looking down from the cemetery onto the city. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010409161302

A family portrait in a typical city apartment. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010409161934

At the conference on oral literature and the formula, held in honor of Albert Lord and Filaret Kolessa. Olesia Iuriivna Britsyna, conference organizer and deputy director of the Ryl's'kyi Institute for Folklore, Ethnography and Ethnomusicology, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010409163015

A view from the Lavra Monastery looking out over the hills of Kyiv and over to the statue commemorating the Second World War, the Batkivshchyna Maty. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010409163853

A view from the Lavra Monastery looking out over the hills of Kyiv and the Dnipro River. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010409164443

At the conference on oral literature and the formula, held in honor of Albert Lord and Filaret Kolessa. Natalie Kononenko with other conference participants in the background. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010410153403

At the conference on oral literature and the formula, held in honor of Albert Lord and Filaret Kolessa. Hanna Chumachenko, deputy director of the Kherson branch of the Institute for Folklore, Ethnography and Ethnomusicology, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010410154045

At the conference on oral literature and the formula, held in honor of Albert Lord and Filaret Kolessa. Pictured are conference participants outside the meeting hall. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010410154845

At the conference on oral literature and the formula, held in honor of Albert Lord and Filaret Kolessa. Pictured are Natalie Kononenko, Oleksandr Kostiuk, Kiril Chistov, and Sofia Hrytsa. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010410160008

At the conference on oral literature and the formula, held in honor of Albert Lord and Filaret Kolessa. Pictured are Natalie Kononenko and Oleksandr Kostiuk. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010410160800

A view from the Lavra Monstery looking out over the hills of Kyiv and the other churches in the Lavra Monastery complex. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010410161528

Participants from the conference on oral literature and the formula on the platform at the top of the Lavra Monastery. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010410162207

Inside the Lavra Monstery. A view of the main church, not yet restored, and the restored buildings in the background, including the dining hall or Trapeza and one of the churches. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010410162920

Inside the Lavra Monastery. The buildings near the entrance, once used as dormitories and administrative buildings, they now house museums. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010410163549

Inside the Lavra Monastery. A view of the main gate from the inside. Note the icons on the structure. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010410164202

Inside the Lavra Monastery. Hanna Chumachenko, Deputy Director of the Kherson branch of the Institute for Folklore, Ethnography and Ethnomusicology, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010410164838

Inside the Lavra Monastery, in one of the museums now housed on the premises. In the photo are Raisa Husak, an ethnomusicologist, and Natalie Kononenko. On the wall are folk instruments in the Lavra's permanent collection, from left to right they are a bandura, a lira and a torban. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010416120850

Inside the Lavra Monastery, in the Ethnomusicology Museum. In the photo are Raisa Husak, an ethnomusicologist, and Leonid Cherkas'kyi, the director of the Lavra Ethnomusicology Museum. Leonid Cherkas'kyi is demonstrating a lira. On the wall are various types of bandury. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010416122211

Inside the Lavra Monastery, in the Ethnomusicology Museum. Leonid Cherkas'kyi, the director of the Lavra Ethnomusicology Museum, is demonstrating a lira to Natalie Kononenko. On the wall are various types of traditional bandury and also rushnyky. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010416123018

Inside the Lavra Monastery, in the Ethnomusicology Museum. Leonid Cherkas'kyi, the director of the Lavra Ethnomusicology Museum, is demonstrating the technique of playing a lira. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010416124050

At the conference on oral literature and the formula, held in honor of Albert Lord and Filaret Kolessa. Mykola Budnyk, a modern minstrel who also makes his own traditional style bandury, plays for he conference participants. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010416124845

At the conference on oral literature and the formula, held in honor of Albert Lord and Filaret Kolessa. Mykola Budnyk, a modern minstrel who also makes his own traditional style bandury, plays for the conference participants. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010416125637

At the conference on oral literature and the formula, held in honor of Albert Lord and Filaret Kolessa. Pavlo Suprun, a blind minstrel, plays for the conference participants. Behind him are Sofia Hrytsa and Mykola Paziak. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010416130346

At the conference on oral literature and the formula, held in honor of Albert Lord and Filaret Kolessa. Pavo Suprun, a blind minstrel, plays for the conference participants. Behind him are Sofia Hrytsa and Mykola Paziak. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010416131229

Pavlo Stepanovych Suprun, performer and informant, outside his apartment building. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010501200357

A street scene in the Moskovskii raion with a bar. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010501201012

Nadiia Mykolaivna Suprun, informant, in her apartment. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010501201525

Nadiia Mykolaivna Suprun, informant, in her apartment. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii010501202052

At the celebration called Dni Kieva (Kiev days): examples of urban folklore and pop culture. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii0224

At the celebration called Dni Kieva (Kiev days): examples of urban folklore and pop culture. Pictured here are street vendors: one man is wearing his traditional Ukrainian shirt for the occasion. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii0225

At the celebration called Dni Kieva (Kiev days): examples of urban folklore and pop culture. Pictured here is a makeshift stage set up for a pop music concert. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii0226

At the celebration called Dni Kieva (Kiev days): examples of urban folklore and pop culture. Khreshchatyk, the main street, is turned into a pedestrian mall. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii0227

Examples of urban pop culture and interesting store signs. The "VD one" sign is advertising a shoe store. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii0228

A street scene: cafes such as this are a new phenomenon. Note the advertising slogans, advertising both imported Coke and a local Obolon' beer, as well as the touch of local Ukrainian culture in the rushnyk on the table in the back. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii0229

At the celebration called Dni Kieva (Kiev days): examples of urban folklore and pop culture. In front of the Conservatory on Khreshchatyk, the main street, races will be held and people are gathering to see the competition. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii0230

At the celebration called Dni Kieva (Kiev days): examples of urban folklore and pop culture. At the races, including a wheelchair. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii0231

At the celebration called Dni Kieva (Kiev days): examples of urban folklore and pop culture. Pictured here is the Bessarabs'kyi rynok, THE center of private enterprise in Soviet times. During Soviet times, this was the place to buy produce directly from farmers. now, it is covered with ads for Fuji and other imported products. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii0232

This photo was taken in order to showcase interesting store signs--this happens to be the folklorist's favorite peculiar sign. It also serves as an example of urban pop culture and the roll that immigrants, especially from the Middle East, play in the culture and the city life of Ukraine. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii0233

Oleksandr Petrovs'kyi, a scholar and the Secretary of the International Association of Ukrainianists, formerly of the Academy of Sciences and Literature Institute. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii0234

Natalia Havryliuk, a scholar and folklorist in the Academy of Sciences Folklore Insittute in Kyiv. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii0235

Nadiia Suprun, the wife of a blind minstrel and an informant about the life of the blind, as well as about contemporary legends. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii0236

Pavlo Suprun, a blind minstrel and performer. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii0237

Pavlo Suprun and Nadia Suprun, two informants and performers. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii0238

Soviet-type yearly cycle ritual. An impromptu Mother's Day "play" put on by kids in Natalie Kononenko's apartment building in the hallway outside her apartment. They set up a "stage" (the sheets used as curtains in the background) and "bleachers" (boards they had taken from a construction site and balanced on chairs). Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii0462

Soviet-type yearly cycle ritual. An impromptu Mother's Day "play" put on by kids in Natalie Kononenko's apartment building in the hallway outside her apartment. They set up a "stage" (the sheets used as curtains in the background) and "bleachers" (boards they had taken from a construction site and balanced on chairs). Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii0463

Soviet-type yearly cycle ritual. An impromptu Mother's Day "play" put on by kids in Natalie Kononenko's apartment building in the hallway outside her apartment. They set up a "stage" (the sheets used as curtains in the background) and "bleachers" (boards they had taken from a construction site and balanced on chairs). Here is the audience of mothers Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii0464

Soviet-type yearly cycle ritual. An impromptu Mother's Day "play" put on by kids in Natalie Kononenko's apartment building in the hallway outside her apartment. They set up a "stage" (the sheets used as curtains in the background) and "bleachers" (boards they had taken from a construction site and balanced on chairs). This view shows both the children and their mothers. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Kyiivs'kyi raion -- Kyiiv. Kyii0465

Nadiia Mykolaivna Suprun, informant outside her apartment building. Nadiia Suprun is blind and offered information about the life of the blind as well as contemporary legends. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Kyiv0540

Pictured is Vira Serhiiivka Zhahlo, DOB 1942, at a neighbor's wedding. The photo was collected from Nina Vasylivna Bilyk. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Lozivok. Lozi010319114017

This photo shows the groom picking up his bride to take her to the wedding palace. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Lozivok. Lozi010424142818

This photo was collected from Natalka Radoinovna Zhahlo. It shows the funeral of her husband, Serhii Efremovych Zhahlo. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Lozivok. Lozi010424144600

Nataliia Zhahlo. She has a beautiful house and agarden, and is a knowledgeable informant, although soft spoken. Substantial life cycle information was gleaned from her and her daughter, Vira Matviichuk, who lives in Kiev and visits her mother on a regular basis. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Lozivok. Lozi0152

Entertaining guests in the Nud'ha home. Ukraine -- L'vivs'ka oblast' -- L'vivs'kyi raion -- L'viv. Lvi010328160106

Entertaining guests in the Nud'ha home. Ukraine -- L'vivs'ka oblast' -- L'vivs'kyi raion -- L'viv. Lvi010328160913

At the University during the second International Congress of Ukrainianists. Ukraine -- L'vivs'ka oblast' -- L'vivs'kyi raion -- L'viv. Lvi010328161511

The cemetery on the outskirts of town. Large wooden cross was erected recently and is supposed to commemorate the victims of the 1933 famine. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0507

The cemetery on the outskirts of town; view of a new grave. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0508

View from the cemetery. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0517

The cemetery on the outskirts of town. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0518

The cemetery on the outskirts of town. The fence color is typical. Note the variety of marker types. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0519

The cemetery on the outskirts of town, new grave; the flowers carried during the funeral procession are placed tent-shape on top of the grave. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0520

The cemetery on the outskirts of town; next to the grave is a plot marked out with string which will become the location of the next grave. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0521

The cemetery on the outskirts of town; a particularly elaborate grave. Note the plate with the shot glass on top - for leaving treats for the deceased Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0522

The cemetery on the outskirts of town; a panoramic view of the cemetery; note fences around grave plots. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0523

The cemetery on the outskirts of town; a Christian and Soviet grave side-by-side; the Soviet one is red. In the background is the oversize wooden cross that was erected to the memory of the victims of the 1933 famine. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0524

The cemetery on the outskirts of town; a row of older graves with metal crosses. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0525

The cemetery on the outskirts of town; a row of older graves with metal crosses; behind them is the part where more recent burials were performed. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0526

The cemetery on the outskirts of town; a path around the outskirts of the cemetery; new grave on the left, picnic table and benches for visiting with the dead on the right. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0527

The cemetery on the outskirts of town; a grave with a recent bouquet of flowers and a plate and shot glass for leaving treats for the deceased. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0528

The cemetery on the outskirts of town; the grave of a child. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0529

The cemetery on the outskirts of town; assorted cross types. This is an older part of the cemetery and it is not as well-maintained as other parts. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0530

The cemetery on the outskirts of town; a grave plot. Notice the predominance of the color blue. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0531

One of the house clusters in this village and the individual garden plots in front of each house. This village is laid out in clusters such as this one with animal pastures between the clusters. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0532

One of the house clusters in this village. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0533

Up the hill are the barely visible remnants of an ancient cemetery, discernible only from the small, regularly spaced mounds of dirt. The cemetery is supposedly from the days when this area was inhabited by people from Lithuania (as the name of the town would indicate) rather than Ukrainians. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0534

Up the hill are the barely visible remnants of an ancient cemetery, discernible only from the small, regularly spaced mounds of dirt. The cemetery is supposedly from the days when this area was inhabited by people from Lithuania (as the name of the town would indicate) rather than Ukrainians. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0535

Up the hill are the barely visible remnants of an ancient cemetery, discernible only from the small, regularly spaced mounds of dirt. The cemetery is supposedly from the days when this area was inhabited by people from Lithuania (as the name of the town would indicate) rather than Ukrainians. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0536

Main road through the village and geese going home toward evening. The field to the left serves as a pasture area for the cluster of houses that is visible in the background. This is one of the regions where villages are organized in clusters of houses with fields for pasture in between. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0537

On the road between Lytviaky and Luben, Lubens'kyi raion, Poltavs'ka oblast', a monastery under reconstruction. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0538

Home of Zaets, Elena Ivanivna. Her 1/2 brother, Holovashchenko, Mykola Hryhorovych, DOB 1944 Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0587

Home of Zaets, Eena Ivanivna, her nephew and son of her 1/2 brother, Holovashchenko, Mykola Hryhorovych Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0588

Home of Zhuravel', Natalia Fedorivna, DOB 1933 Samples of her embroidery Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0589

Home of Zhuravel', Nataliia Fedorivna, DOB 1933 (informant), she is seated with Sabadash, Nina Oleksiiivna, DOB 1948, holova sil'radi and informant Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0591

Home of Zhuravel', Nataliia Fedorivna Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0592

Home of Sinko, Mariia Hryhorivna, DOB 1933, informant, artist. She is standing in front of a hand-embroidered rug used as a wall-hanging. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0593

Home of Sinko, Mariia Hryhorivna, DOB 1933, informant, artist Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0594

Home if Sinko, Mariia Hryhorivna, DOB 1933, informant, artist. I took this to show the positioning of the TV under the icon corner. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0595

Home of Sinko, Mariia Hryhorivna, DOB 1933, informant, artist. Another of her embroidered rugs. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0596

Home of Sinko, Mariia Hryhorivna, DOB 1933, informant, artist. Modern versions of the rushnyky used to tie the participants in a wedding. These are actually in Russian rather than Ukrainian and are put around the members of the wedding party who serve as witnesses. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0597

View of a village street; houses are typically red in this area Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0598

A cluster of houses; unlike in other areas, the village is in clusters with pasture land for the farm animals between the clusters of houses. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0599

Home of Boiko, Hanna Prokopivna, DOB 1929, informant, artist. She tells lots of legends, supposedly true stories about real events. Here she shows samples of her embroidery Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0600

Home of Boiko, Hanna Prokopivna, DOB 1929, informant, artist. She shows an Easter cloth she has made Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0601

Home of Zaets, Elena Ivanivna, DOB 1938, informant, performer. She shows her traditional costume Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0602

Home of Zaets, Elena Ivanivna, DOB 1938, informant, performer, in traditional costume, showing some of her other embroidered work, namely a wedding rushnyk. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0603

Village street, very old style house Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0604

Villiage street, old style barn. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0605

Village street, and old style barn Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0606

Village street, fence, traditional house Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0607

Village street, haystack, hay storage Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0608

Local swimming hole; one informant told us that rusalki live there Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0609

Village street, fence, traditional house Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0611

Village street, traditional house Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0612

Local swimming hole, the part where you descend into the water. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0613

Village street, fence, traditional house Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0614

A village house. The sticks stacked against the side of the house will be used for propping up vegetables. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0615

Village street, fence, traditional house Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0616

Home of Zaets, Olena Ivanivna, DOB 1938. The icon corner, family photos, furniture, and bedding are visible. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0617

Home of Zaets, Olena Ivanivna, DOB 1938. This is the dining area of the house, with a table and photographs. Note the floor treatment, which is dirt covered with runners. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0618

Home of Zaets, Olena Ivanivna, DOB 1938. This shows the kitchen during the summer months, when two outdoor kitchens are used instead of the one inside the house. Note that the space is used for the storage of clothes during the hot months. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0619

Home of Zaets, Olena Ivanivna, DOB 1938. The cat and kittens are lying in the entryway. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0620

Home of Zaets, Olena Ivanivna, DOB 1938. This is the exterior of an unusually poor house. Note the clothesline hung in front. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0621

Home of Zaets, Olena Ivanivna, DOB 1938. From left to right, this shows a shed for keeping goats, a doghouse, and a pig stye. The goats are the family's only source of milk. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0622

Home of Zaets, Olena Ivanivna, DOB 1938. This is the shed and the barn. In the foreground are troughs with water for the ducks. The pig stye is on the far left. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0623

Home of Zaets, Olena Ivanivna, DOB 1938. This is one of the summer kitchens. There is a table to the right of the kitchen and a bench with tools in front. To the far right is a water heater. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0624

This is the area around Lytviaky, showing a typical house and fields. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0625

A house in the area around Lytviaky. This house is somewhat atypical as it is painted white. More houses in the area are red with white or blue trim. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0626

Suprun, Kateryna Andriiivna, DOB 1921. This woman is an informant on the life cycle ritual and material culture, especially cloth processing. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0627

Slisarenko, Nina Mykolaiivna, DOB 1921. She is showing how to work linen during a dosvitka (courtship party) before one is allowed to party with the boys. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0637

Boiko, Hanna Prokopivna, DOB 1929, an informant on witch stories and other beliefs. She also embroiders and here is showing a wedding rushnyk that she made. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0642

Sabadash, Nina Oleksiiivna, DOB 1948, head of the local sil'rada. She is showing the dress that she wears when she conducts civil (Soviet style) rituals such as weddings. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0643

Home of Skliar, Hanna Vakulivna, DOB 1916. An interior showing an icon corner and rushnyky. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0644

Home of Skliar, Hanna Vakulivna, DOB 1916. Hanna Vakulivna Skliar is showing some of her work. She embroiders extensively and did the rug on the wall. She also has a whole series of cat pillows and pictures which she embroidered. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0645

Home of Skliar, Hanna Vakulivna, DOB 1916. She was an informant on life cycle beliefs and told rusalka stories she heard from her grandfather. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0646

Home of Skliar, Hanna Vakulivna, DOB 1916. Hanna Vakulivna's two grandchildren. The older child does her younger sister's hair. Young children still have extensive childcare responsibilities for younger siblings. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0647

Home of Skliar, Hanna Vakulivna, DOB 1916. Hanna Vakulivna's daughter-in-law shows an embroidered picture done by Hanna Vakulivna. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0648

Home of Skliar, Hanna Vakulivna, DOB 1916. The daughter-in-law shows a bright dress done by Hanna Vakulivna. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0649

Home of Zaets, Olena Ivanivna, DOB1938. This photo shows typical ceiling construction. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0650

Home of Boiko, Hanna Prokopivna. The barn with the netting that is used for carryng large loads of hay. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0707

Skliar, Hanna Vakulivna, DOB 1916, informant. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0708

A village street with typical house. The fence and gate are also typical of this region. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0709

On the outskirts of the village. Boy with horse-drawn cart used for transporting hay, animal feed. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0710

This fence has very peculiar glass fencepost toppers Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0711

One of the pastures between house clusters Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0712

The village bathhouse; one door is for men and the other is for women. Very few villages have public bathhouses and this one was non-functional, as far as I could tell. Most people just bathe at home. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0713

One of the pastures between house clusters. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0714

One of the pastures between house clusters and a local resident who decided to pose Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0715

One of the pastures between house clusters and two local residents who decided to pose. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Lytviaky. Lytv0716

Mariia Dudura and Valentyna Smarzhevs'ka, two informants who provided a limited amount of life cycle information and some material about witchcraft and spells. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Melnyky. Meln0086

Mariia Dudura, an informant who provided a limited amount of life cycle information and some material about witchcraft and spells. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Melnyky. Meln0088

A field showing old-fashioned method of hay-stacking. The hay is cut with scythes, bound, and hand-stacked. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Melnyky. Meln0089

A group of informants who spoke mostly about weddings, especially a recent one in the family. They also provided some photos of a tsyhanshchyna from about twenty years ago. They have a video of the wedding and the tsyhanshchyna which took place recently. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Horodyshchens'kyi raion -- Mliiiv. Mlii0216

Kateryna Bahatenko and Kateryna Tkachuk, two informants. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Horodyshchens'kyi raion -- Mliiiv. Mlii0217

Informants show the folklorist shyshky or ritual breads from the recent wedding which they had described. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Horodyshchens'kyi raion -- Mliiiv. Mlii0218

A photo of a child belonging to one of the members of the group; she came in and wanted to have her picture taken. This photo is useful for people and faces: it demonstrates how people of various ages look and dress. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Horodyshchens'kyi raion -- Mliiiv. Mlii0219

A photo of a child belonging to one of the members of the group; he came in and wanted to have his picture taken. This photo is useful for people and faces: it demonstrates how people of various ages look and dress. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Horodyshchens'kyi raion -- Mliiiv. Mlii0220

Mariia Martynenko, an informant who gave detailed life cycle information and provided various anecdotes illustrating life cycle events and what happens when things go wrong (e.g. a man marries someone other than the woman he had courted for a long time). Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Mokhnach. Mokh0061

The house of Mariia Martynenko, an informant who gave detailed life cycle information and provided various anecdotes illustrating life cycle events and what happens when things go wrong (e.g. a man marries someone other than the woman he had courted for a long time). Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Mokhnach. Mokh0062

A view of the villiage of Mokhnach Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Mokhnach. Mokh0063

A view of the villiage of Mokhnach Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Mokhnach. Mokh0064

A view of the villiage of Mokhnach Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Mokhnach. Mokh0065

A view of the villiage of Mokhnach Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Mokhnach. Mokh0066

A view of the villiage of Mokhnach Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Mokhnach. Mokh0067

A view of the villiage of Mokhnach Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Mokhnach. Mokh0068

A picnic in a field outside of Mokhnach. Dariia Liubyva presents a korovai (ritual bread) to Natalie Kononenko. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- Mokhnach. Mokh0069

Group of women who are performers and informants and try to conserve local culture. They gave a full version of the wedding and some birth and funeral information. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Moshny. Mosh0012

Performers and informants. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Moshny. Mosh0014

People assemble for the festival of Fruktovyi Spas (the blessing of the fruit) at the cathedral in Moshny Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Moshny. Mosh0020

People assemble for the festival of Fruktovyi Spas (the blessing of the fruit) at the cathedral in Moshny Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Moshny. Mosh0029

People assemble for the festival of Fruktovyi Spas (the blessing of the fruit) at the cathedral in Moshny Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Moshny. Mosh0030

People assemble for the festival of Fruktovyi Spas (the blessing of the fruit) at the cathedral in Moshny Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Moshny. Mosh0031

People assemble for the festival of Fruktovyi Spas (the blessing of the fruit) at the cathedral in Moshny Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Moshny. Mosh0032

People assemble for the festival of Fruktovyi Spas (the blessing of the fruit) at the cathedral in Moshny Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Moshny. Mosh0033

People assemble for the festival of Fruktovyi Spas (the blessing of the fruit) at the cathedral in Moshny Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Moshny. Mosh0034

People assemble for the festival of Fruktovyi Spas (the blessing of the fruit) at the cathedral in Moshny Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Moshny. Mosh0035

Tatiana Sapronova and her brother Sasha are demonstrating folk instruments. Their performance was recorded on tape. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Moshny. Mosh0036

Tatiana Sapronova and her brother Sasha are demonstrating folk instruments. Their performance was recorded on tape. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Moshny. Mosh0037

Performers and informants gather outside of their homes Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Moshny. Mosh0038

Performers and informants gather inside a tradtitional home with folklorist Natalie Kononenko Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Moshny. Mosh0039

A group of performers and informants: the local folk singing and preservation of local traditions group. They are very active in church and form the church choir. The have prepared a wedding scenario in song. They also gave information about life cycle ritual. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Moshny. Mosh0166

A group of performers and informants. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Moshny. Mosh0167

The funeral of Ivan Zakharovych Dolych. The funeral procession goes from the home of the deceased to the graveyard. Women carry the coffin lid, which is covered with a cloth. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0208

The funeral of Ivan Zakharovych Dolych. The funeral procession goes from the home of the deceased to the graveyard. Men carry a bier, here called the "nary": it is covered with a cloth and the coffin is placed on top. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0209

The funeral of Ivan Zakharovych Dolych. The funeral procession stops at every crossroad. The men set down the nary or bier. The priest reads a prayer. The pevcha, the women's choir, sing "Our Father". Anyone who wants to lament bends over the deceased and does so. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0210

The funeral of Ivan Zakharovych Dolych: a group from the funeral procession. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0211

The graveyard in Mryn. The coffin is being carried to the gravesite. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0212

The graveyard in Mryn: another view. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0213

Preparing for the wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. Neighbors and friends are pictured in the summer kitchen, a separate building used in the summer to avoid heating up the main house or khata. they are cooking the many meals that will be needed on the Saturday and Sunday which mark the actual wedding days. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0249

Preparing for the wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. A tent was set up in the yard at the groom's house. Friends and neighbors are decorating the tent in preparations for the festivities. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0250

Preparing for the wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. The bride and groom on the evening before the wedding. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0251

Preparing for the wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets: making the korovai or wedding bread in the home of Tatiana Mykhailivna Boiko. She is the neighbor of the groom's family. the dough is rising on a chair in the middle and the various korovainytsi are preparing the bakeware. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0252

Preparing for the wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets: making the korovai or wedding bread in the home of Tatiana Mykhailivna Boiko. She is showing the pich or stove where the korovai will be baked. In front are two pieces of beef baked earlier. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0253

Preparing for the wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets: making the korovai or wedding bread in the home of Tatiana Mykhailivna Boiko. The korovainytsi are dividing the dough in preparation for shaping and decorating. Although this was not the case here, korovainytsi should be relatively young married women who are living in harmony with their husbands. No divorced or widowed women should take part in the preparation of the korovai. Tatiana Mykhailivna Boiko is a widow and should not have participated, but she was also the chief helper in the wedding preparations. Perhaps because she is a widow, she only helped decorate the korovai. the shaping was left to another woman. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0254

Preparing for the wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets: making the korovai or wedding bread in the home of Tatiana Mykhailivna Boiko. The core of the korovai is being shaped. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0255

Preparing for the wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets: making the korovai or wedding bread in the home of Tatiana Mykhailivna Boiko. The other korovainytsi watch. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0256

Preparing for the wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets: making the korovai or wedding bread in the home of Tatiana Mykhailivna Boiko. Shaping the various decorations which are pine cones, various floral and leaf forms, and birds. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0257

Preparing for the wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets: making the korovai or wedding bread in the home of Tatiana Mykhailivna Boiko. The finished and decorated korovai is ready for baking. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0258

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. The groom's party leaves his home and heads for the bride's house. The groom (molodyi) and the best man (boiaryn) are at the head of the procession. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0259

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. The groom's party leaves his home and heads for the bride's house. The groom (molodyi) and the best man (boiaryn) are at the head of the procession. Then come the rest of the members of the wedding party in no particular order. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0260

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. Bargaining for the bride. The groom (molodyi) and the best man (boiaryn) are on the left. The bride's attendant (druzhka) is on the right. She represents the bride and will not allow the groom's party to enter until they offer enough money for the bride. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0261

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. The bargaining continues. This was one of the many things done in triplicate. The druzhka supposedly withdrew in disgust, saying that the groom and his party were not offering enough for the bride. They knocked again and the bargaining started again. Again the druzhka withdrew. From the folklorist's vantage point and from what was lying on the ground, the groom's party first offered kupony: these were the coupons used in the transitional period after the independence of Ukraine. Then they offered coins. Finally, they offered bills. Among the stuff on the ground was play money: fake American dollars. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0262

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. Counting the money offered for the bride. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0263

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. On the third try, the groom and his party are finally admitted into the bride's house. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0264

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. The bride's attendant (druzhka) sews a flower made of paper onto the lapel of the best man or boiaryn. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0265

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. The bride's attendant (druzhka) sews a flower made of paper onto the lapel of the best man (boiaryn). Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0266

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. The bride greets the groom's wedding party. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0267

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. The bride's parents bless the couple. They had two icons, one of the Virgin and Child (Bohorodytsia) and one of Christ the Savior (Spasitel'). They took each in turn, Christ the Savior first, and pressed it three times on the head, back, the right shoulder, then the left shoulder of first the groom and then the bride. The pressing of the icon was done in a cross-shaped fashion. There was a certain joking element to the pressing and the parents were urged to "hurt" the couple because this was going to be their last chance to "teach" their daughter. They were also urged not to get too carried away with hurting the groom because they might have to rely on him. Once the blessing was done with the Savior icon, it was handed to the groom. The same procedure was reapeated with the Virgin icon and it was handed to the bride. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0268

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. The bride and groom leave the bride's home and lead the wedding procession to the local "klub" where the registration of the marriage (civil) will take place. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0269

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. The wedding procession along the way to the klub. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0270

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. The bride and groom pause outside the entrance to the klub. They are waiting for the civil official to invite them in. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0271

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. The civil official who will conduct the ceremony comes out and greets the couple. The couple stand in front and in back of them are the best man (boirayn) and the maid of honor (druzhka). Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0272

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. On stage at the klub. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0273

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. On stage at the klub, the mother of the bride and the mother of the groom spread the rushnyk (ritual towel) upon which the couple will stand to take their vows. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0274

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. On stage at the klub, the signing of the marriage contract takes place. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0275

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. On stage at the klub, the couple stands on the rushnyk while the civil official instructs them in their obligations. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0276

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. The couple is handed a korovai or wedding bread which was baked by their relatives the night before. They are supposed to break this bread. Whoever gets the larger piece will be the spouse who dominates in the marriage. The official announced that the bread broke evenly and that the couple would have a relationship in which each would carry equal rights and responsibilities. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0277

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. The couple's hands are tied together with a rushnyk. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0278

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. The couple bows to parents and godparents and thanks them while the boiaryn (best man) picks up the rushnyk. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0279

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. Family and friends come onto the stage to congratulate the couple. Many people present bouquets of flowers to the bride. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0280

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. The couple leaves the klub. The boiaryn (best man) and the druzhka (chief female attendant) follow them. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0281

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. The mothers of the bride and groom shower the couple with a mixture of whole grains, candy and small coins, and children scramble to pick up the coins. A poor and homeless woman joined the crowd hoping to get some candy and coins. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0282

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. On the way to the groom's house where the party (after the ceremony) will take place. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0283

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. The couple leaves the club and heads for the World War II monument where the bride will leave her wedding flowers. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0287

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. The couple poses along the road to his house for pictures. His house is where the big celebration takes place. The bride is not from these parts and she and her family moved into one of the big apartment buildings set up for the workers of the big natural gas storage complex. If she had an estabished family here, the wedding would likely have taken place at her residence as well as his. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0288

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. At the groom's house, the couple is greeted by the groom's parents (actually the mother--the father was probably too drunk). They are greeted with a loaf of bread which is pressed upon them three times in a cross-wise fashion. There are jokes about pressing hard because this will be the last opportunity to do so and suggestions to take it easy because the parents will have to rely on the couple for support. The druzhka and the boiaryn stand to the right. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0289

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. Another view of the welcome into the groom's house and the blessing with bread. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0290

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. Another view of the welcome into the groom's house and the blessing with bread. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0291

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. The man here is NOT the groom's father. The folklorist believes that it was the bride's father who performed the greeting function because the father of the groom was too drunk. He actually looked much more sober during the wedding (to the folklorist) than he did on the night before, when the korovai was being prepared. He did not, however, take part in any of the wedding ritual. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0292

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. The couple enters the groom's house by passing under a rushnyk or ritual cloth. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0293

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. Inside the tent set up in the yard at the groom's house. The couple sits at the head table. They are flanked by the druzhka and the boiaryn. Note the rug in back of the couple and the korovai on the table, tied with a rushnyk or ritual cloth. Note also the decorations, which consist of lots of vegetation: branches, green leaves--plus Christmas-type bright and shiny ornaments. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0294

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. Another view of the couple at the head table inside the tent set up in the yard at the groom's house. They are flanked by the druzhka and the boiaryn. Note the rug in back of the couple and the korovai on the table, tied with a rushnyk or ritual cloth. Note also the decorations, which consist of lots of vegetation: branches, green leaves--plus Christmas-type bright and shiny ornaments. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0295

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. A view down one of the tables set up for the guests. There was A LOT of food and drink and the guests were of all ages. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0296

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. A close-up view of the korovai or wedding bread. Compare it to the unbaked version. Also note the decoration: the rushnyk tied around it and the red ribbons tied over it in criss-cross fashion. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0297

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. A close-up view of the couple at the head table (the groom is the one in the suit who is half-hidden by the bouquet), flanked by the boiaryn and the druzhka. The korovai is in front, along with assorted and plentiful food on the table. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0298

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. A view of the inside of the tent and the wedding guests. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0299

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. Pictured here is one of the friends and neighbors who helped prepare the food, entering the tent where the wedding celebration was taking place. She is bringing more food. During the entire wedding, this woman had a safety pin over her heart. The safety pin was supposed to avert the evil eye. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0300

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. Pictured here is one of the friends and neighbors who helped prepare the food, serving the guests inside the tent. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0301

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. This is the church ceremony, as opposed to the civil ceremony which took place the day before. The church is a converted village house. Here the couple stands before the altar and holds candles. The priest begins the service. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0346

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. This is the church ceremony, as opposed to the civil ceremony which took place the day before. The church is a converted village house. Here the couple stands before the altar and holds candles. The priest begins the service. Note also the priest's robes and the decoration of the church. Here it is clearer that the couple holds candles wrapped in kerchiefs. Nothing, these candles included, can be held with a bare hand. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0347

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. This is the church ceremony, as opposed to the civil ceremony which took place the day before. The church is a converted village house. This view attempts to capture more of the church interior and wedding guests. Note the clothing of the guests, as well as their gender. Note also the many rushnyky decorating the church. In the background, the group of women is the pevcha, the choir which sings along with church ceremonies. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0348

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. This is the church ceremony, as opposed to the civil ceremony which took place the day before. The church is a converted village house. This view shows the altar, the priest, and the wedding couple. In back of the couple are the boiaryn (best man) and the druzhka (maid of honor or chief female attendant of the bride). The crowns which are held by the boiaryn and the druzhka over the heads of the couple are on a table before the altar. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0349

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. This is the church ceremony, as opposed to the civil ceremony which took place the day before. The church is a converted village house. Here the priest is getting out the crowns. First he prays over them. Then he has the appropriate member of the couple (the groom first) kiss the crown. Then he hands the groom's crown to the boiaryn and the bride's crown to the druzhka, who then hold the crowns over the head of the appropriate person (the groom for the boiaryn and the bride for the druzhka). The crowns must not be held with the naked hand, but with a kerchief. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0350

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. This is the church ceremony, as opposed to the civil ceremony which took place the day before. The church is a converted village house. The crown that goes over the groom's head is already in position. Here the priest conducts the same ritual with the crown that will be held over the head of the bride. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0351

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. This is the church ceremony, as opposed to the civil ceremony which took place the day before. The church is a converted village house. The crowns are held over the couple's heads as the service continues. The crowns are heavy and the druzhka and boiaryn have to switch hands, using the other hand to support the one holding the crown. In the corner at the back of the church is the pevcha or choir who sing along with all church ceremonies. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0352

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. This is the church ceremony, as opposed to the civil ceremony which took place the day before. The church is a converted village house. The service continues. The priest carries the Gospel. The pevcha or choir is in the back in the corner. They sing along with all church services. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0353

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. This is the church ceremony, as opposed to the civil ceremony which took place the day before. The church is a converted village house. The service continues and the groom starts to look bad. He later fainted. Various women (mothers of the couple and others) gather near the couple in nervous anticipation. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0354

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. This is the church ceremony, as opposed to the civil ceremony which took place the day before. The groom did pass out and had to be supported by his mother and others for the rest of the service. Natalie Kononenko's (the folklorist) interpretation of this event was that the groom had had too much to drink at the celebration following the civil service the day before. Locals said that the groom's fainting meant that he had been evil-eyed. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0355

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. This is the church ceremony, as opposed to the civil ceremony which took place the day before. The couple is being lead around the altar by the priest. Note also all of the material culture items like the rushnyky decorating the church, as well as the cross. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0356

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. This is the church ceremony, as opposed to the civil ceremony which took place the day before. The couple partakes of the Eucharist. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0357

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. This is the church ceremony, as opposed to the civil ceremony which took place the day before. The couple is given icons; these are the ones which had earlier been used by the bride's parents to bless the couple when the groom picked up the bride at her home. Please note also that they are standing on a rushnyk. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0358

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. This is the church ceremony, as opposed to the civil ceremony which took place the day before. The priest leads the couple, who are now carrying the icons draped in a rushnyk They are followed by the boiaryn and the druzhka. The crowns have been taken down and now rest on the table where they were originally. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0359

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. This is the church ceremony, as opposed to the civil ceremony which took place the day before. Pictured here are people attending the church part of the wedding. Note their gender and age. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0360

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. The couple and their families pose outside the church for pictures. The couple holds the icons draped in a rushnyk. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0361

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. Another reception follows the church ceremony and the same neighbors and friends are laying out more food to serve the guests. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0362

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. Food preparation takes place in another part of the household. This is actually inside the tent. The church wedding was at 9 o'clock AM. The feasting afterwards started somewhere between noon and 1 o'clock PM. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0363

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. Food is being heated up in the stove or pich. Note also the ovchahy (utensils for placing pots in the oven and taking them out). They are to the left. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0364

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. Food is being heated up in the stove or pich. Note the items of material culture: the better view of the house interior, the curtain in front of the stove, the pots and the ovchahy. The box to the left is the container with the refrigerator that the couple was given as a wedding present. Refrigerators are not common in villages. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0365

A view of the area around Mryn, including the road and people. The large building in the back is the apartment building for the gazprom (natural gas storage facility) workers where the bride and her family found an apartment. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0366

The groom's house. This was taken for material culture: note the white color of the house with blue trim, the red posts, the ceramic decoration on the entrance areas. Note also the roof and the fact that the tin is cut in a scalloped edge. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0367

A view of the area around Mryn. Here note the house types and balance-beam well. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0368

A view of the area around Mryn. Here note the field, houses, and the hay stack. Mryn is very marshy. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0369

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. At the groom's house right before the celebration (on the day of the church ceremony) is about to begin. The groom carries a plate with glasses which will be used for passing around drinks to the guests. The bride's mother carries a blanket given to the couple. the groom's mother is to her left. The item on the right is an outdoor sink. These are very common in areas with no indoor plumbing. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0370

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. Inside the tent during the actual celebration. The men who have a ceremonial role in the wedding, what would have been the starosty, carry a pan with little shyshky. These are little breads, made from the same dough as the korovai and made on the same evening as when the korovai was made. They are given as gifts to each person who offers a gift to the couple. People get up in turn and offer a gift. They are then given a drink and one of the shyshky pictured here. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0371

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. The mother of the groom (on the left) gives her gift, a gold chain, to the bride (in the middle, in a red kerchief). The bride holds the treat that she gives each gift-giver, namely one shyshka, on a plate. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0372

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. The party that is going around approaching the guests during the gift-giving or daruvannia, prepares to approach the next guest. The brother of the groom is on the left, holding the basin with shyshky. The bride is on the right, holding a plate. One of the starosty (a term normally used for senior male attendants, but here used for all of the male attendants at the wedding) is pouring the shot of vodka which will be given to the next guest. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0373

The Last Bell ceremony at the village school. This is a new holiday, created during the Soviet era, which has both yearly cycle and life cycle elemets. It is yearly cycle in the sense that it occurs every year. It ends the school year, just as the First Bell Ceremony begins it. It is a life cycle rite in that it focuses particularly on the first graders and the twelth graders, marrking their entering school and leaving it. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0376

The Last Bell ceremony at the village school. The entering students are to the right. They later gave flowers to the ones about to graduate. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0377

The Last Bell ceremony at the village school. Pictured here are the students who are about to graduate. They gave speeches and flowers to their teachers and parents. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0378

The Last Bell ceremony at the village school. One of the graduating students carries a first grader with a bell. She rings this, singaling the end of the school year. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0379

The Last Bell ceremony at the village school. This is the World War II monument where graduating students went to lay their flowers. Bridal couples also leave their wedding bouquets there. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0380

Tatiana Boiko, an informant who spoke about life cycle rituals, particularly the wedding ritual. Here she is showing the beads or namysto which the bride wears during the wedding. These look like small Christmas tree ornaments. The idea is to have lots and lots of strands of beads to wear. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0381

Tatiana Boiko, an informant who spoke about life cycle rituals, particularly the wedding ritual. Here she is showing the materials she has prepared for her own funeral, namely her funeral bundle. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0382

Tatiana Boiko, an informant who spoke about life cycle rituals, particularly the wedding ritual. Here she is showing the materials she has prepared for her own funeral, namely her funeral bundle. The item here is the prokhidna, or prayer which is read at the grave and folded and placed in the pocket of the deceased. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0383

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. Theparty that is going around approaching the guests during the gift-giving or daruvannia approaches the next guest. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0409

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. The guest who is approached stands up. The brother of the groom holds out a drink of vodka or horilka on a plate. Later the bride will hold out a plate with a shyshka. The guest will accept and drink the horilka. Then he or she will accept the shyshka and offer a speech, usually comical and obscene, followed by a real gift. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0410

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. The guest accepting the shyshka from the bride does so with his hand covered in cloth. Almost all ritual transactions are done with the hand covered with a cloth. The crowns which are held over the heads of the bride and groom in church are held with hands covered in cloth, for example. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0411

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. The next guest toasts the couple and gets ready to deliver her speech. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0445

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. After the gift-giving comes the local version of the tsyhanshchina, here called kataky khreshchennykh: to take the god-parents for a ride. In this photo, one of the wedding guests tries to find the worst possible cart or other means of conveyance. She is covering it with a cloth so that the god-parents can sit on it and not fall through. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0446

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. After the gift-giving comes the local version of the tsyhanshchina, here called kataky khreshchennykh: to take the god-parents for a ride. In this photo, one of the wedding guests tries to find the worst possible cart or other means of conveyance. She is covering it with a cloth so that the god-parents can sit on it and not fall through. Having succeeded, she dances in the yard. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0447

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. After the gift-giving comes the local version of the tsyhanshchina, here called kataky khreshchennykh: to take the god-parents for a ride. One of the wedding guests found the worst possible cart, covered it with a cloth so that the god-parents could sit on it and not fall through. Having succeeded, she danced in the yard, and another one of the wedding guests joined in the impromptu dance. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0448

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. The wedding guests find the most beat-up possible basin to put on top of the cart intended for the god-parents. In the meantime, nettles have been piled on the cart, on top of the cloth. These were collected by other wedding guests. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0449

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. The wedding guests give up on the small, hand-pulled cart and start preparing a full-size hay wagon for the god-parents. Note the nettles which are already on the hay wagon. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0450

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. The god-parents are seated on the hay wagon. Nettles are already covering the part where they are seated. The god-mother is given a twig to drive the "horses." Although this is a cart of the size that should be pulled by horses, men ended up pulling it. Especially effective was the very drunk tractor driver in the pink shirt who is on the left in this picture. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0451

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. The wedding guests try to surround the god-parents with nettles as much as possible. At one point, one person tried to shove nettles under the god-mother's skirt. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0452

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. The other set of god-parents is also seated on the cart. The god-mother who was put on the wagon earlier is rubbing her leg, trying to take away some of the sting from the nettle attack earlier. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0453

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. The god-parents are all seated and the "horses" pick up the poles of the wagon. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0454

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. The wagon takes off down the street followed by numerous wedding guests. The "horses" went so fast that Natalie Kononenko, with all of her equipment, was not able to keep up. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0455

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. The wagon arrives at one of the local cafe/bars. All go inside. The god-parents treat the men to shots of liquor and the women and children to ice-cream, candy, and other favors. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0456

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. The wagon arrives at one of the local cafe/bars. All go inside. The god-parents treat the men to shots of liquor and the women and children to ice-cream, candy, and other favors. Inside the care and bar. The guests are lining up to take their turn ordering. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0457

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. After everyone gets a treat, the god-parents are seated on the cart again and the whole party heads to another cafe/bar in town, again too fast for Natalie Kononenko to keep up. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0458

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. The party which had taken the god-parents for a ride heads back to the main celebration. In this case, it was held at the groom's house. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0459

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. The party which had taken the god-parents for a ride heads back to the main celebration. In this case, it was held at the groom's house. Pictured here is another view of the procession slowly arriving and the cart riders slowly disembarking. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0460

The wedding of Serhii Mykolaiovych Brovarets to Zoia Ivanivna Zaiets. The group awaiting the return of the god-parents' party. They are in the yard outside the compound where the groom's family owns a house. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Mryn. Mryn0461

The city of Nizhen: the restored cathedral. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nizhens'kyi raion -- Nizhen. Nizh0243

The city of Nizhen: another cathedral, this one yet to be restored. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nizhens'kyi raion -- Nizhen. Nizh0244

The museum that is part of the compound featuring folk housing, clothing, musical instruments, and other aspects of material and social culture. Pictured here are traditional musical instruments - the bandura, the zither, and the violin. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Pereiaslavs'kyi -- Pereiaslav-Khmel'nyts'kyi. Pere010321153653

In the school house at the seminary where the famous poet Hryhoryi Skovoroda studied. The student benches are period pieces. The plaques on the walls are contemporary; they are part of museum display. The seminary and its grounds were converted into a museum in the Soviet era. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Pereiaslavs'kyi -- Pereiaslav-Khmel'nyts'kyi. Pere010403145213

The home of Zina and Petro Litovka. On display are their marriage certificates and party certificates. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0168

The home of Zina and Petro Litovka. On display are their marriage certificates and party certificates. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0169

The home of Zina and Petro Litovka. One of their four cats. Their home was a zoo of sorts. There were four cats, one dog, one cow, many rabbits, several goats, a pig and assorted fowl (chickens, ducks, geese) which wandered in and out of the house. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0170

Petro Litovka and a neighbor. Drinking problems were fairly widespread. Before, the functioning commerical establishment was the bread store. Now it is the handelyk (a bar of sorts) where Petro constantly wanted to go, except that his wife would not let him. Neither would she let him have any of the liquor which was in the house. His way to avoid this problem was to go to the neighbors'. Then the man of the house would ask the wife to give the visitor 100 grams (of home brew). His wife could not refuse this. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0171

Zina Litovka in her kitchen. Here the summer kitchen is part of the house; it is a separate and detached building in many other homes. Still, it is on the outside of the house proper and does not require heating the central unit, which is the pich' (stove). This part has a gas stove only, on the outside wall. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0193

Hanna Litovka, an informant who gave material about courtship and funeral rituals. She is very religious and her views of the supernatural are colored by this. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0194

The icon corner in the home of Hanna Litovka. This is a typical Chernihiv treatment of the icon corner. The cloths of this type are what Chernihiv is famous for. Many are home-loomed, as is the item in the photo here. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0195

The sleeping are on the stove or pich' in the home of Hanna Litovka. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0196

The cooking utensils are on the stove or pich' in the home of Zina Ivanivna Litovka. There was a bathtub in back of the stove, though no running water. Still, it was possible to heat water on the gas stove and take a bath indoors. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0197

Photographs, such as these in the home of Hanna Litovka, are typically framed in rushnyky or ritual towels, much in the way icons are. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0198

The home of Motria Andriiivna Perepechai; pictured here is the bench next to the stove or pich'. It is used as a sleeping area (less heated than the shelf on top of the pich' itself). Here it is decorated with pillows. On the wall are photos with rushnyky. The wall is covered with a rug: rugs are typically hung on walls and the floors are covered with coarse, home-loomed runners, something akin to American rag rugs. Motria Andriivna is known for the beauty of her home. Note that virtually all surfaces are covered with a cloth of some sort; virtually everything is decorated. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0199

The home of Motria Andriiivna Perepechai; pictured here is the icon corner with the TV. Note the positioning of the TV relative to the icon corner. Note that the TV, as any other surface in this home, is covered with an embroidered cloth. Also note that the treatment of the icons is reminiscent of the treatment of windows. Icons are a window into the spirit world. In some areas window = vikno and icon = vikona instead of ikona. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0200

The home of Motria Andriiivna Perepechai; pictured here is the sleeping area. Again, we see heavy decoration, rushnyky, an emroidered picture on the right, and rugs on the walls. Note the decorations resembling American Christmas ornaments in the corner: these are widely used as a general decorative item. They are found in homes and especially in churches. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0201

The home of Motria Andriiivna Perepechai. Houses have no closet space and clothes and other items are stored in chests or wall units such as this one. On top of the wardrobe is a jar with wheat berries which support a wax candle. This type of candle, set in wheat berries, is burned in the home while the deceased lies in state. It can also be burned on those days when the deceased is remembered. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0202

Motria Andriiivna Perepechai. In addition to being the person who showed and explained her home (as an example of material culture), she is also an informant on the topic of life cycle ritual. She gave information about funeral rituals, as well as several legends about the return of the dead, and stories about the domovyk (the house spirit) and other spirits. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0203

The home of Motria Andriiivna Perepechai. Pictured here are outside storage areas: this one shows home-canned goods. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0204

The home of Motria Andriiivna Perepechai. Pictured here are outside storage areas: this one shows bottled goods and cooking ware. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0205

The home of Motria Andriiivna Perepechai. Pictured here are outside storage areas: this one shows basins used for cooking, jam-making, and washing. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0206

The home of Motria Andriiivna Perepechai. Pictured here are outside storage areas: this one shows the storage of cloth and clothing. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0207

One of the many stork nests. Storks are believed to bring good fortune. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0245

A shed, the photo of which was taken to reveal construction techniques. Because the outside of the shed is peeling, it is easy to see the layers that went into its construction. This construction method is used not only on shed, but also on other buildings, including houses. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0246

A group of informants who spoke about courtship and wedding information. The youngest of the three provided numerous stories about the supernatural, explaining that listening to older women was her favorite pastime as a girl. They also provided some information about sending recruits off into the army. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0247

Nina Litovka heading to work at the farm on her bicycle. She attends to the pigs. Land has been privatized and everyone got three hectacres. Many sold or rented their share. Some people consolidated their holding into cooperatives. Here, land was bought up by entrepeneurs, whom the locals call "fermer" (which means farmer, but significantly, is a borrowed term and not the traditional word used to designate a farmer). Villagers said that they used to resent the fermer but now see working for him as a source of cash. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0248

At the home of Zina Ivanivna Litovka and Petro Omelianovych. A photo of a birth certificate. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0284

At the home of Zina Ivanivna Litovka and Petro Omelianovych. In the yard. Note the sheds and the wheel with the doweling attached on top, which is used for drying bottles and pots. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0285

A horse-drawn carriage, here transporting hay. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0286

An informant who spoke about courtship practices, the house spirit or domovyk, and also about witches. Also note the items of material culture: her clothes, and the stoop outside where people can sit. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0302

An informant who spoke about courtship practices, the house spirit or domovyk, and also about witches. Also note the items of material culture: her clothes, and the basin used for washing potatoes. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0303

The grandchildren of the the village storyteller Ivan Trush. They are: Bohdan, Lida, and Iulia, informants who were asked to tell the stories they heard from heir grandfather as a transmission experiment, as well as in order to test the conservation of tradition and oral style (and how both develop over time). Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0304

The home of Motria Perepechai; she is showing the stove or pich. Note the rugs on the floor and the cloth covering the stove opening. Note also her clothing. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0305

The home of Motria Andriiivna Perepechai; she is showing the shelf next to the stove or pich. Note that this one has an opening so that it, too, can be heated. Most lavky (shelves) do not have a separate heating capacity and just draw heat from the main pich by radiation. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0306

The home of Motria Andriiivna Perepechai. Her husband died recently and this is the booklet which she submits to the church when she wants a memorial service performed for him. On top of the booklet is a prosvorka or bread. This is used both as part of the Eucharist and eaten separately after the service. Under normal circumstances, only those without sin partake of the Eucharist. This means children and those who have just been to confession. Everyone, whether or not they partake of the Eucharist, can take a piece of prosvorka at the end of the service. For most commemorative services or readings, the person who requests the service or reading submits the booklet such as the one here and payment, which can be money inserted in the booklet, or food placed next to it. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0307

The home of Zina Ivanivna Litovka and Petro Omelianovych Litovka. Pictured here are the fields outside the home. The building to the left is the summer shower. Water is placed in the canister on top and heated by the sun during the day. This permits warm baths in the evening. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0308

The home of Zina Ivanivna Litovka and Petro Omelianovych Litovka. Working the potato field outside the home. Here they are trying to kill the potato beetle. They call them Colorado beetles in Ukraine and some claim that these were introduced to Ukraine intentionally as a form of biological warfare during the Cold War. Pictured is Natalie Kononenko working in her underwear, a typical "city person" approach to field work. Many village women would remove their tops and work in their bras. Only city women would also remove their skirts. In the background is the summer shower. Water is drawn from the well and poured into a holding tank where it heats up during the day. In the evening, you can have a warm shower. Morning showers are rather chilly. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0309

The home of Zina Ivanivna Litovka and Petro Omelianovych Litovka. Working the potato field outside the home. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0310

The funeral of Hanna Petrivna Mateiko. The folklorist's group first encountered the funeral procession as it was heading from the home of the deceased to the center of the village. In this shot, the funeral procession is approaching. The body is on a truck. The procession will stop at this intersection and the body will be removed from the truck, placed on a bier or nary and carried the rest of the way. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0311

The funeral of Hanna Petrivna Mateiko. Another view of the procession. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0312

The funeral of Hanna Petrivna Mateiko. The cross which will stand at the head of the grave is at the front of the procession. It is tied with a rushnyk or ritual towel. Then comes the pevcha; this is a choir of sorts, a group of women who sing religious songs, both in church and at ritual functions such as funerals. If there is no priest, the pevcha alone will conduct the ritual. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0313

The funeral of Hanna Petrivna Mateiko. After the pevcha comes the coffin lid, carried by women. After that come the relatives of the deceased. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0314

The funeral of Hanna Petrivna Mateiko. When the distance to the graveyard is great, the first part of the journey is made by truck. The coffin is always removed at some point and carried at least part of the way. Here the distance which the coffin was carried was quite substantial. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0315

The funeral of Hanna Petrivna Mateiko. When the distance to the graveyard is great, the first part of the journey is made by truck. The coffin is always removed at some point and carried at least part of the way. Here the coffin is removed from the truck. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0316

The funeral of Hanna Petrivna Mateiko. When the distance to the graveyard is great, the first part of the journey is made by truck. The coffin is always removed at some point and carried at least part of the way. Here the coffin is removed from the truck and carried by eight women the rest of the way. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0317

The funeral of Hanna Petrivna Mateiko. The procession stops at a crossroads. The priest reads a prayer and the pevcha sings Our Father. Relatives lament. We were told that there have to be a minimum of three stops along the way when the coffin is set down and the relatives lament. These are at crossroads where there are crossroads, as was the case here. Where there are not enough crossroads, the procession picks an additional stopping point to make a total of three stops. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0318

The funeral of Hanna Petrivna Mateiko. The procession continues down the street. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0319

The funeral of Hanna Petrivna Mateiko. The procession makes another stop at a crossroads. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0320

The funeral of Hanna Petrivna Mateiko. The lamenting relatives are pictured here. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0321

The funeral of Hanna Petrivna Mateiko. The procession approaches the church. The main service for the deceased can be conducted in the home or in the church. In this case, it was in the church. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0322

The funeral of Hanna Petrivna Mateiko. The procession stops as it approaches the church and relatives lament. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0323

The graveyard in Ploske. It is adjacent to the church. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0324

The funeral of Hanna Petrivna Mateiko. The procession enters the graveyard. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0325

The funeral of Hanna Petrivna Mateiko. The coffin is brought in. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0326

The funeral of Hanna Petrivna Mateiko. The coffin is set down in front of the church before being carried inside. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0327

The home of Zina Ivanivna Litovka; she is pictured here milking a cow. This photo demonstrates aspects of material culture and farming techniques. For example, the animal barns to the right are typical, as is the milking technique and the practice of using boards to make muddy areas walkable. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0328

The abandoned house of the village pan or nobleman. Ploske was one of the villages which were owned by a member of the landed gentry. Many village institutions, such as the school, owe their existence to the pan. The pan committed suicide when the Soviets came to power. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0329

The school founded by the pan or village nobleman. The buildings are still used as the village school facilities. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0330

The new school. The building of the new school, intended to replace the school built by the pan, was begun during the Soviet era. The project was never completed and the building now stands abandoned. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0331

Evdokiia Serhiiivna Kompanets, an informant who provided life cycle information, as well as tales and legends. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0332

The home of Evdokiia Serhiiivna Kompanets; pictured here is her icon corner. Note the Chernihiv type rushnyky around the icons. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0333

The home of Evdokiia Serhiiivna Kompanets; pictured here is the stove or pich. In the summertime, when the pich is not in use, the opening to it is covered with a cloth. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0334

The home of Evdokiia Serhiiivna Kompanets; pictured here is the sleeping bench next to the stove or pich. Also note the rug on the wall, the embroidered picture, and pillows. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0335

A stork's nest atop a storage tower. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0336

Ivan Oleksiiovych Kalita, an informant who provided mostly historical information. He told about the pan or nobleman and how he treated the village children; how, after he committed suicide, the Soviets shot his already dead body. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0337

The home of Hanna Demidivna Slisarenko. This is an example of typical house construction for the area where one part is whitewashed and the other part is left with the wood bare. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0338

The home of Hanna Demidivna Slisarenko. This is a storage area, a shed. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0339

Hanna Demidivna Slisarenko in her home. She has extreme osteoporosis. Note the kerchief around her waist with the point at the back. This was worn by many women. It is not a fashion item, but a method of relieving back pain. For material culture, note the icon corner with rushnyky, and the rushnyky around the photos. Also note the bench built into the wall. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0340

Maryna Serhiiivna Khymach in the home of Hanna Demidivna Slisarenko. She is an informant who spoke about life cycle information and gave a few legends about witches. She is a good example for material culture: she too has a kerchief tied about her waist. She also has double crutches, a method of support widely used by older women. Also for material culture, note the stove or pich and the bench next to it on which Khymach sits. This bench is used for sleeping in the winter. Note also the photos surrounded by rushnyky and the floor coverings. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0341

Maryna Serhiiivna Khymach in the home of Hanna Demidivna Slisarenko: another view. Here the upper shelf of the stove or pich is more visible. This is the best winter sleeping area. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0342

Anna Pavlivna Slisarenko arriving at the home of Hanna Demidivna Slisarenko (her mother-in-law). This is an example of material culture--Anna Pavlivna is wearing a typical younger woman's work outfit. Also note the cooking utensils by the door. This is the type of pot used in the large clay pich. The shape permits grasping by the hooks used to insert pots in to the pich and remove them. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0343

A field with a herd of cows. Animals are pastured either on small fields scattered throughout the village or are driven outside the village in large herds to be pastured there. The latter is the case in Ploske. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0344

The grandchildren of the village storyteller Ivan Trush. They are Bohdan, Lida, and Iulia. Also in the picutre is their grandmother. This picture demonstrates material culture: note the clothing, house decoration, and buckets (tools). Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0345

The cowherd drives the cows home in the evening. Here they are going down the village street. Each cow separates on its own from the herd as it goes by its house and heads inside or to the small grassy area where it is kept until it is led inside. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0374

The funeral of Hanna Petrivna Mateiko. Inside the church in Ploske. The coffin stands in the middle and is not visibile in this photo. Women stand on the left of the church and men stand on the right. The women attending the funeral are pictured here. Note the items of material culture: the iconostasis, the rushnyky around the icons, and the women's dress. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0384

The funeral of Hanna Petrivna Mateiko. The pevcha; this is a choir or sorts, a group of women who sing religious songs, both in church and at ritual functions such as funerals. If there is no priest, the pevcha alone will conduct the ritual. Here they accompany the priest as he conducts the funeral service. Note the kerchiefs tied around their arms. These are a gift from the family of the deceased and are a payment for the services provided by the pevcha. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0385

The funeral of Hanna Petrivna Mateiko. The coffin in church, surrounded by candles inserted into a special frame made to support candles that is placed over the coffin. Candles seem to be a consistent part of the funeral but the actual use of candles varies. Here they are placed about the coffin. Elsewhere, they had to be given out to those present and held by them during the service. Another version was to give a set of 5-7 candles out, have these held by the relatives, then passed on to others and so forth. As the candles burned down, new sets of 5-7 were given out, at this point further along in the auditorium. The candle stubs were placed in the coffin and were supposed to light the way of the deceased as he or she traveled to his place in the land of the dead. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0386

The funeral of Hanna Petrivna Mateiko. The coffin in church, surrounded by candles inserted into a special frame made to support candles which is placed over the coffin. Candles seem to be a consistent part of the funeral but the actual use of candles varies. Here they are placed about the coffin. Elsewhere, they had to be given out to those present and held by them during the service. Another version was to give a set of 5-7 candles out, have these held by the relatives, then passed on to others and so forth. As the candles burned down, new sets of 5-7 were given out, at this point further along in the auditorium. The candle stubs were placed in the coffin and were supposed to light the way of the deceased as he or she traveled to his place in the land of the dead. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0387

The funeral of Hanna Petrivna Mateiko. A picture of the priest. Most village clergy are quite young, as is the man here. This one was a very pleasant and dedicated person, quite liberal and accepting of folk ways and willing to incorporate these into his services. Other clergy, though also young, were different in personality and quite dictatorial, as well as anxious to eradicate folk beliefs and practices. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0388

The funeral of Hanna Petrivna Mateiko. The candles are removed from around the coffin and the frame is lifted off. Note the kerchief around the arm of the woman in the foreground. It was a gift from the family of the deceased and a payment of sorts for helping out with the funeral. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0389

The funeral of Hanna Petrivna Mateiko. The relatives say goodbye. This is routinely done at the end of the service. Thus, it is done in the home when the funeral service is in the home and in the church wen ther service is in the church. The final farewell is a kiss. The most prevalent pattern is to kiss the face (usually forehead) and the hands of the deceased. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0390

The funeral of Hanna Petrivna Mateiko. Kissing the deceased goodbye. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0391

The funeral of Hanna Petrivna Mateiko. After the relatives, friends and neighbors approach to say goodbye. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0392

The funeral of Hanna Petrivna Mateiko. There is pressure on relatives to say goodbye with a farewell kiss. As for others, it is left to their discretion. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0393

The funeral of Hanna Petrivna Mateiko. The same eight women who carried the coffin into church carry it around the church three times. Women will carry only the coffin of a woman. If the deceased is a man, men will carry the coffin. If the deceased is a woman, the coffin bearers can be either male or female. One woman (Perepechai) said specifically that she wanted men to carry her coffin for fear that women might drop it. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0394

The graveyard in Ploske. Picnic tables such as this one are used on the many occasions when the living visit the dead. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0395

The graveyard in Ploske. The funeral of Hanna Petrivna Mateiko. The coffin with the deceased is set beside the grave which has been dug in advance. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0396

The graveyard in Ploske. The funeral of Hanna Petrivna Mateiko. The final arrangement of the things that will go into the coffin. Usually the face is covered with the gauze that covers the body up to this point. In this particular funeral, several people questioned whether the legs of the deceased had been untied. The legs and often arms are tied down to prevent the deceased from moving during the various changes after death. The strings (puty) must be removed so that the deceased can move freely in the other world and get to his or her designated place. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0397

The graveyard in Ploske. The funeral of Hanna Petrivna Mateiko. Preparing the rushnyky which will be used to lower the coffin. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0398

The graveyard in Ploske. The funeral of Hanna Petrivna Mateiko. Placing the coffin lid onto the coffin. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0399

The graveyard in Ploske. The funeral of Hanna Petrivna Mateiko. Placing the coffin lid onto the coffin, and nailing it shut. The nails are usually positioned in advance and partially hammered in so that the closing of the coffin proceeds quickly and smoothly. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0400

The graveyard in Ploske. The funeral of Hanna Petrivna Mateiko. Placing the coffin on the rushnyky. These are especially long and used for the purpose of lowering the coffin into the grave. In some areas, the rushnyky used for lowering the coffin and new and cut into pieces and distributed among the gravediggers as payment. In some areas, the rushnyky are reused from one funeral to the next. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0401

The graveyard in Ploske. The funeral of Hanna Petrivna Mateiko. After the coffin is placed on the rushnyky , it is lowered it down into the ground. The ribbon cross on top of the coffin lid is characteristic of post-Soviet burials. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0402

The graveyard in Ploske. The funeral of Hanna Petrivna Mateiko. The priest makes four cuts on the sides of the grave in the form of a cross: top, bottom, right, and left. This is called "zapechatuvannia" or sealing. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0403

The graveyard in Ploske. The funeral of Hanna Petrivna Mateiko. The priest sprinkles ashes from his incensor onto the coffin. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0404

The graveyard in Ploske. The funeral of Hanna Petrivna Mateiko. Relatives take dirt and throw it on the coffin. You are supposed to throw three handfuls. Anyone else close to the deceased should also throw dirt. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0405

The graveyard in Ploske. The funeral of Hanna Petrivna Mateiko. The gravediggers close up the grave. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0406

The graveyard in Ploske. The funeral of Hanna Petrivna Mateiko. Further along in the process of burial: the gravediggers close up the grave. The gravemarker to the right memorializes Ivan Trush, a storyteller well-known in the village. Material from him was recorded by Academy of Sciences folklore expeditions. Material from his grandchildren was recorded in 2000 as part of a transmission experiment. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0407

The graveyard in Ploske. The funeral of Hanna Petrivna Mateiko. At the fresh grave once it is finished. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0408

The funeral of Hanna Petrivna Mateiko. Completing the grave. Also note the bier or nary on which the coffin had been carried. The rushnyky on which the coffin had been lowered are draped on the nary. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0412

The graveyard in Ploske. Note the graves of various ages: some were made a long time ago, and others are recent. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0413

The graveyard in Ploske. More picnic tables used for visiting with the deceased. Also note the metal crosses which are typical of this area and the fact that each gravesite is enclosed with a fence. Most of these fenced enclosures have gates. There is some debate as to whether these gates should be closed or open. The argument for leaving them open is that, when you rise on Judgement Day, you want as few impediments as possible to your getting out of the grave and the graveyard and following the Lord. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0414

The graveyard in Ploske. A particularly large version of the obelisk used on Soviet graves. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0415

The graveyard in Ploske. The grave of a woman who died young. Note the portrait monument. Also note the fence, as above. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0416

The funeral of Hanna Petrivna Mateiko. The burial is complete. The grave will be covered with the flowers carried in the procession. Later, the cross will be erected. Here, crosses are placed at the head. Natalie Kononenko, the folklorist, has not seen a cross placed anywhere except at the head but was told in Iahotyn that it is proper to place the cross at the feet so that, when the dead arise on Judgement Day, they can more easily grasp the cross (they do not have to reach in back of their heads), pick it up, and go. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0417

The funeral of Hanna Petrivna Mateiko. Setting up food for the wake. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0418

The funeral of Hanna Petrivna Mateiko. Inside the home at the table which was the place of honor. Also note the items of material culture such as the rushnyky and the icon corner. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0419

The funeral of Hanna Petrivna Mateiko at the wake. The priest at the table which is the place of honor. He has removed his pale blue ceremonial robes which he wore for the service in church and is sitting in an ordinary black cassock. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0420

The funeral of Hanna Petrivna Mateiko: the wake. The pevcha sitting opposite the priest at the table of honor. They sang psalmy (religious songs) about death and dying as part of the wake. We asked if these were canonical and the priest said they were. Natalie Kononenko's interpretation, confirmed in Iahotyn, is that psalmy are a semi-literate version of folk religious song. The texts are fairly stable and most pevcha members have written versions of the various psalmy. They are notebooks, handwritten and copied by one woman form the other. The woman in Iahotyn said that psalmy are a way to bridge the gap between the people and religious doctrine: they are religious material put in a form that appeals to people and helps them understand. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0421

The funeral of Hanna Petrivna Mateiko: the wake. Serving the many guests. The first dish has to be the kanun--here cookies in sweetened water. You have to take three mouthfuls. After that, you get a spoon and eat from the many dishes and many courses that are set on the table. No one gets a separate plate. The kisel' (a fruit compote thickened with starch) signals that the meal is done. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0422

The funeral of Hanna Petrivna Mateiko: the wake. Another view of the women, usually neighbors, who help the relatives take care of the many guests who attend the wake. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0423

The funeral of Hanna Petrivna Mateiko: the wake. The tables set up outside for the overflow crowd. The basin and the towel in the background are for washing the hands when entering the house where the wake will take place. Upon returning from the graveyard, each person should pour water on his/her hands three times. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0424

The funeral of Hanna Petrivna Mateiko: the wake. When they are about to leave, the pevcha get up and sing Our Father one more time. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0425

The home of Motriia Andriiivna Perepechai: the storage shed. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0426

The home of Motriia Andriiivna Perepechai: inside the chicken coop. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0427

The home of Motriia Andriiivna Perepechai: inside the storage shed. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0428

The home of Motriia Andriiivna Perepechai: a new litter of kittens inside the storage shed. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0429

The home of Motriia Andriiivna Perepechai: the pig she just bought. With most animals that are kept on farms, the tendency is to buy a small animal and to raise it to slaughter size. Some people even buy chickens, geese and other fowl this way though most people buy only pigs and goats and hatch their own fowl. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0430

The home of Motriia Andriiivna Perepechai: inside the barn. Note the lark's nest. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0431

The home of Motria Andriiivna Perepechai. Inside the barn. This is where the cow would have been when Motria Andriiivna was younger and had the strength to keep a cow. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0438

The home of Motria Andriiivna Perepechai. The feeding trough. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0439

The home of Motria Andriiivna Perepechai. The storage bins for keeping fodder. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0440

The home of Motria Andriiivna Perepechai. The storage bins for keeping fodder. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0441

The home of Motria Andriiivna Perepechai. Coops with rabbits. Rabbits were kept as a source of meat on virtually all of the farms to which Natalie Kononenko travelled. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0442

The home of Motria Andriiivna Perepechai. The ladder up to the loft. Dried corn and other dried food stuffs are kept there. Also dried herbs. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0443

The home of Motria Andriiivna Perepechai. The work bench inside the shed. Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Plos0444

The men carry out the coffin. They stopped at the doorway and lowered the coffin three times so that the deceased could say farewell to his home. They did not touch the coffin to the threshhold. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz010226150234

The men carry the coffin outside. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz010226151043

The men raise the coffin onto the truck bed which has been covered with straw. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz010226151739

This is a funeral. Again, this is a view of the coffin being raised onto the truck bed. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz010416151344

This is a funeral. They position the coffin so that it is secure on top of the truck. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz010416152504

This is a funeral. They are securing the coffin atop the truck. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz010416152925

The procession for this funeral sets off. At the head of the procession is an icon draped with a rushnyk, then the coffin lid, then the truck carrying the coffin, then the pevcha and the priest, then relatives, and finally the rest of those attending the funeral. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz010416153403

The sister of the deceased and her daughter ride on top of the truck with the coffin. Several people said that the child should not have been made to ride with the body. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz010416154225

This is a funeral. The procession stops at a crossroads and the sister laments. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz010416155539

This is a funeral. The priest and the pevcha stand while the procession stops at the crossroads. When the procession stopped the priest would read a prayer and the pevcha would sing Our Father. The priest and the pevcha are from Dobranichivka. The two villages are so close that we easily walked from one to the other. The pevcha here did not have an independent ritual existence before the church was opened two years ago. If they gathered, it was to sing folk songs. They have learned religious verses in response to the founding of the church and the corresponding demands. They often complain about their lack of knowledge of the church service. It's possible they have been influenced by the priest who keeps complaining about the ignorance of the people. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz010416160532

The funeral procession continues after stopping at a crossroads. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz010416161107

The funeral procession stops outside the graveyard and the sister is helped off of the truck. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz010416162141

The coffin is removed from the truck. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz010416162508

This is a funeral. Mourners stand at the gravesite. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz010416162913

This is a funeral. They are preparing the rushnyky which will be used to lower the coffin. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz010416163320

The funeral service at the graveside over the deceased. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz010416163858

This is a funeral. The rushnyky for lowering the coffin are tied on one side to the existing grave fencing. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz010416164524

Saying goodbye to the deceased at the graveside. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz010523132321

Funeral. Inside the home during the funeral service. The name of the deceased is not known. He died in his fifties, was unmarried and tended towards excessive drinking, which is what killed him - or so they say. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz0432

Funeral. The name of the deceased was not recorded. The coffin lid is prepared and waiting outdoors. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz0433

Funeral. The men are waiting outside and keeping apart from all of the funeral stuff. Even men who had important functions in the ritual waited outside rather than attending the service. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz0434

Funeral. Inside the home. The coffin is being lifted off the bench where the deceased had lain in state. It will be carried outside for another farewell. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz0435

Funeral. The service is just about over and the men who will perform various functions get ready. They gather around the coffin lid. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz0436

Funeral. The priest and most of the people attending the service come outside. They are looking at the door, waiting for the coffin to be carried out. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz0437

This is a funeral. Relatives gather for the final farewell of the deceased. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz0478

This is a funeral of a man who died relatively young and possibly as the result of excessive drinking. Here the relatives give the deceased a final kiss goodbye. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz0479

This is a funeral and the body is at the grave site. The priest is reading the final service over the deceased. The man at the head of the coffin holds an icon in a rushnyk. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz0480

This is a funeral and the final kiss of the deceased at the grave site. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz0481

This is a funeral and the priest is concluding the service at the graveside. The men who help with the funeral are getting ready to cover the coffin with the coffin lid. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz0482

This is a funeral of a man who died relatively young and possibly of excessive alcohol consumption. The men who help with the service are getting the coffin lid in place and the sealing of the coffin. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz0483

This is a funeral of a man who died relatively young and possibly of excessive alcohol consumption. The men who help with the funeral are lifting the coffin and getting ready to set it on the long rushnyky or clothes (to the left) which will be used to lower the coffin into the grave. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz0484

This is a funeral and the coffin has been set on special cloths in order to lower it into the grave. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz0485

This is a funeral and this is the lowering of the coffin. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz0486

This is a funeral and the folding of the special rushnyky used to lower the coffin Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz0487

This is a funeral. The bundle is filled with cookies and candy that will be passed out to those attending the funeral. They are supposed to accept the treat and wish the deceased eternal rest. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz0488

This is a funeral and the sealing of the grave. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz0489

This is a funeral , the sealing of the grave in the background and the adjacent grave with flowers and a shot glass for leaving drinks of horilka (vodka) for the deceased. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz0490

This is a funeral . The sealing of the grave in the background. In the foreground is an older grave, adjacent to the one being used for the funeral. The older grave as flowers and a shot glass for leaving drinks of horilka (vodka) for the deceased. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz0491

This is a funeral , the picking up and folding of the rushnyky after the gravesite service. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz0492

A view of the village of Pluzhnyky from a distance. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz0555

Fields outside the village and a farmer. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz0557

Fields outside the village. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz0558

Bus stop on the road to Pluzhnyky. Buses are the main means of getting from the village to the city or from one village to another. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz0559

View of the village of Pluzhnyky. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz0560

Funeral; the body is being loaded onto the truck which will take it to the cemetery. Note that te truck bed must be filled with straw prior to placing the coffin on it. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz0561

Funeral; the sister of the deceased and her daughter join the body on top of the truck. Many people objected to the fact that a small child sat so close to the coffin. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz0562

Funeral; the sister of the deceased and her daughter on top of the truck with the coffin. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz0563

Funeral; the truck has arrived at the cemetery and the coffin and deceased are being unloaded from it onto the funeral bier. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz0564

Funeral; men carry the coffin from the truck to the grave site. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz0565

Funeral; the body at the grave site. Relatives gather for the final farewell. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz0566

Funeral; the body at the grave site. Relatives gather for the final farewell. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Iahotnys'kyi raion -- Pluzhnyky. Pluz0567

Home of Sofiia Kondrativna Parubenko. Pictured is the sleeping shelf above the stove (pich) and the ladder used to get up to it. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Baryshivs'kyi raion -- Selychivky. Sely010129115042

Home of Sofiia Kondrativna Parubenko. Pictured is a home-made still. The main container is an infant's bath tub modified to hold the mash. There are also a pail and a pot for the distilled alcohol. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Baryshivs'kyi raion -- Selychivky. Sely010129121013

Parubenko, Sofiia Kondrativna, DOB 1924, in her home. She is an informant on birth customs as well as weddings and funerals. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Baryshivs'kyi raion -- Selychivky. Sely010209105100

Parubenko, Sofiia Kondrativna, DOB 1924, and Elena Prokopenko in Sofiia Kondrativa's home. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Baryshivs'kyi raion -- Selychivky. Sely010209110112

Home of Parubenko, Sofiia Kondrativna, DOB 1924. Elena Prokopenko peals potatoes. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Baryshivs'kyi raion -- Selychivky. Sely010209111826

Home of Parubenko, Sofiia Kondrativna. The add-on kitchen has a modern stove while the core of the house, the old part, has the traditional stove or pich. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Baryshivs'kyi raion -- Selychivky. Sely010209112545

The kitchen table in the home of Parubenko, Sofiia Kondrativna. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Baryshivs'kyi raion -- Selychivky. Sely010209113056

The start of a new dacha. In the photo are Leonid and Elena Prokopenko. Most city dwellers, if they can in any way accomplish this, acquire land in a village. They then build a home there to be used for rest and recreation and also to run as a mini-farm, a source of fresh fruits and vegetables. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Baryshivs'kyi raion -- Selychivky. Sely010408151809

A dacha that is much further along. Though not yet livable, this dacha has two floors and the outside walls are essentially complete. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Baryshivs'kyi raion -- Selychivky. Sely010409153625

The house of Ahafiia Kucher. She is an excellent informant about matters of life cycle ritual and material culture. For example, she possesses hand-loomed linen. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chyhyryns'kyi raion -- Subotiv. Subo0046

Ahafiia Kucher with her daughter, Tatiana Iurchenko. Both are excellent informants. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chyhyryns'kyi raion -- Subotiv. Subo0047

The home and family of Viktor Huhlia. He is a folkorist interested in pottery and an expert on various forms of local pottery, including that from the Trypillian period. He is demonstrating some recently found items to Halyna Kornienko. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chyhyryns'kyi raion -- Subotiv. Subo0048

The church used by Bohdan Khmel'nyts'kyi. It was built in such a way as to also serve as a fortress and is currently being restored. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chyhyryns'kyi raion -- Subotiv. Subo0049

Evdokiia Krasov'ska, an informant who gave life cycle information, and also composes her own verse and tells the legend of God and St. Peter and why the man should rule in the household. Here she is displaying her funeral bundle. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Svidyvok. Svid0150

Evdokiia Krasov'ska's brother, Hryhorii Skrypnyk. Evdokiia takes care of him and prepared his funeral bundle as well as her own. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Svidyvok. Svid0151

Outside the home of Pavlenko, Pavlo Trykonovych. Essentially the barn area: outdoor benches and work areas, chickens. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Brovarivs'kyi -- Svitilne. Svit010209114011

The front yard of the home of Pavlenko, Pavlo Trykonovych. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Brovarivs'kyi -- Svitilne. Svit010209114514

Home of Pavlenko, Pavlo Trykonovych, DOB 1930. Pictured with him are: Pavlenko, Kateryna Omelianivna, DOB 1928, his wife; Hladka, Hanna Panteliivna, DOB 1923, and Kuksa, Kateryna Khrystokhvorivna, DOB 1921. They are informants on life cycle. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Brovarivs'kyi -- Svitilne. Svit010209115301

The icon corner in the home of Pavlenko, Pavlo Trykonovych. Ukraine -- Kyiivs'ka oblast' -- Brovarivs'kyi -- Svitilne. Svit010212121336

Pictured is the wedding photo of a bridal couple, circa 1950. Picture was collected from Mariia Hryhorivna Zavhorodnia, DOB 1930. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Shpolians'kyi raion -- Topyl'ne. Topy010319105634

Photo collected from Mariia Hryhorivna Zahorodnia, DOB 1930. A wedding photo taken in 1950. Pictured is a wedding group with the bride and groom in the middle and their attendants on either side. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Shpolians'kyi raion -- Topyl'ne. Topy010406102812

Photo collected from Mariia Hryhorivna Zahorodnia, DOB 1930. A wedding photo taken in 1950. Pictured is a wedding group with the bride and groom in the middle. Note the woman with the rushnyk (ritual towel) and the child. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Shpolians'kyi raion -- Topyl'ne. Topy010406104126

Varvara Kryts'ka, an informant, although a very bad one because of her age and hearing problems. Very useful for material culture--how a contemporary old woman looks. She is sitting with Ukrainian folklorist Halyna Kornienko and a relative of Kornienko's. A good picture for what a field and digging up potatoes looks like. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Cherkasy. Topy0126

Varvara Kryts'ka, an informant, although a very bad one because of her age and hearing problems. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Cherkasy. Topy0127

A village street and traditional transportation--the horse-drawn cart. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Cherkasy. Topy0128

Mariia Zahorodnia, an informant. Not much information was collected because her relatives were in to harvest the potatoes. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Shpolians'kyi raion -- Topyl'ne. Topy0172

Mariia Zahorodnia's house, a good example of material culture. Notice the outside stoop, which has been newly painted. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Shpolians'kyi raion -- Topyl'ne. Topy0173

Iavdokha Hehel's'ka, a minor informant who provided mostly funeral information. She was once courted by an American who wanted to marry her. She was afraid of him because he was a foreigner, however, and so refused him. As a result, she never married. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Shpolians'kyi raion -- Topyl'ne. Topy0174

Hanna Martynenko, an informant about life cycle ritual, as well as a highly-recommended performer who is renowned for her voice. She says that she spent so much time singing at vechornytsi that she never got around to getting married. This photo is also good for material culture and the appearance of the house interior. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Shpolians'kyi raion -- Topyl'ne. Topy0175

The interior of a home: items of material culture Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Tubil'tsy. Tubi0040

Hanna Cheberiak and Mariia Dubnyk pose with their neighbor. Active preservers of local songs and traditions, they demonstrate here aspects of both material and social culture: in particular, how to greet a guest properly. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Cherkas'kyi raion -- Tubil'tsy. Tubi0041

Natalie Kononenko poses next to a statue of Lenin. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- VelikaBurimka. Veli0070

Folklorists from Kyiv and Cherkasy. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- VelikaBurimka. Veli0071

In the old age home, which also houses others who need public assistance, such as the deaf and the mentally impaired. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- VelikaBurimka. Veli0072

In the old age home, which also houses others who need public assistance, such as the deaf and the mentally impaired. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- VelikaBurimka. Veli0073

Ol'ha Brudz', a local activist who is interested in historical preservation and runs the local museum. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Chornobais'kyi raion -- VelikaBurimka. Veli0074

Makovyi Spas at the local church. This holiday is both a church holiday and a remnant of pre-Christian practices. Makovyi Spas is the first of three Spases. All have to do with the blessing of crops, specifically harvest. Makovyi Spas is the blessing of heads of the poppy plant, particularly the seed cases, which are full of seed. They are brought to church in dried form and included in bouquets which contain flowers. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Velykyi Khutir. Vely0106

Makovyi Spas at the local church. This holiday is both a church holiday and a remnant of pre-Christian practices. Makovyi Spas is the first of three Spases. All have to do with the blessing of crops, specifically harvest. Makovyi Spas is the blessing of heads of the poppy plant, particularlly the seed cases, which are full of seed. They are brought to church in dried form and included in bouquets which contain flowers. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Velykyi Khutir. Vely0107

Makovyi Spas at the local church. This holiday is both a church holiday and a remnant of pre-Christian practices. Makovyi Spas is the first of three Spases. All have to do with the blessing of crops, specifically harvest. Makovyi Spas is the blessing of heads of the poppy plant, particularly the seed cases, which are full of seed. They are brought to church in dried form and included in bouquets which contain flowers. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Velykyi Khutir. Vely0108

Makovyi Spas at the local church. This holiday is both a church holiday and a remnant of pre-Christian practices. Makovyi Spas is the first of three Spases. All have to do with the blessing of crops, specifically harvest. Makovyi Spas is the blessing of heads of the poppy plant, particularly the seed cases, which are full of seed. They are brought to church in dried form and included in bouquets which contain flowers. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Velykyi Khutir. Vely0109

Mariia Koval' and Oksana Kryvorot, informants who provided excellent life cycle information, plus information about the hard life of a village woman. Kryvorot also makes up her own poems on persecution during the Stalin period. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Velykyi Khutir. Vely0110

Mariia Koval', the mother of Mykhailo Dmytrovych, the local activist who does some of his own collecting and who learned to make braided belts on his own in order to try and revive local traditions. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Velykyi Khutir. Vely0111

A child in a crib. This is a house the folklorist walked through in order to get directions. This photo is a good example of material culture and provides information on child-rearing and child care. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Smilians'kyi raion -- VelykaIablunivka. Vely0189

This is a house the folklorist walked through in order to get directions. This photo was taken to show the appearance of a yard in a village. Note the crops on the ground--this shows a yard at harvest time. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Smilians'kyi raion -- VelykaIablunivka. Vely0190

Halyna Kornienko talks to the man of the house at the well. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Smilians'kyi raion -- VelykaIablunivka. Vely0191

The home of Afanasiia Zahorodniia. Various other people showed up: Iryna Myrshchuk and her daughter, Valentyna Zahorodniia, and Ol'ha Prysiazhna. All of these are good informants, and seem to constitute a preservation group (of local customs and traditions). Ukraine -- Chernihivs'ka oblast' -- Nosivs'kyi raion -- Ploske. Vely0192

The home of Afanasiia Zahorodniia. Various other people showed up: Iryna Myrshchuk and her daughter, Valentyna Zahorodniia, and Ol'ha Prysiazhna. All of these are good informants, and seem to constitute a preservation group (of local customs and traditions). Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Smilians'kyi raion -- VelykaIablunivka. Vely0214

The home of Afanasiia Zahorodniia. Various other people showed up: Iryna Myrshchuk and her daughter, Valentyna Zahorodniia, and Ol'ha Prysiazhna. All of these are good informants, and seem to constitute a preservation group (of local customs and traditions). Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Smilians'kyi raion -- VelykaIablunivka. Vely0215

Home of Mykhailo Dmytrovych Koval', informant, performer, and craftsman. As a craftsman, he is trying to revive the art of making woven belts, variously called poias and kraika. They are used as women's belts and are also tied over the swaddling clothes of an infant. Here, examples of his work lie on the couch at his home. The object on the left is not a belt, but a skirt. He made a set of wider belts, then sewed them together to make a skirt. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Velykyi Khutir. Vely0580

At the home of Mykhailo Dmytrovych Koval', informant, performer, and craftsman. Halyna Kapas models the skirt made out of belts. Note also the bandura (folk musical instrument) on the wall. This is Mykhailo Dmytrovych's and he plays and sings. In terms of material culture, note the rug on the wall, the coverlet over the chair, and the blue color used to paint the door. The teddy bear belongs to Mykhailo Dmytrovych's grandson. It is modeled on the Olympic symbol. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Velykyi Khutir. Vely0581

At the home of Mykhailo Dmytrovych Koval', informant, performer, and craftsman. Mykhailo Dmytrovych stands next to and demonstrates the loom he constructed for weaving belts. Note also the picture of his daughter Oksana on the wall with a rushnyk over it. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Velykyi Khutir. Vely0582

At the home of Mykhailo Dmytrovych Koval', informant, performer, and craftsman. A wall in the home is used for pictures. Note the photograph of his son with the rushnyk over it, the icons beneath it, the candelabra, and the various cut-outs from newspapers and magazines that are on the wall. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Velykyi Khutir. Vely0583

At the home of Mykhailo Dmytrovych Koval', informant, performer, and craftsman. Over the TV hangs a portrait of Taras Shevchenko, the most famous Ukrainian poet, with a rushnyk. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Velykyi Khutir. Vely0584

At the home of Mykhailo Dmytrovych Koval', informant, performer, and craftsman. Natalie Kononenko models a local version of the linen dress, fairly rough and coarse. The belt was made by Mykhailo Dmytrovych. Another shirt of local manufacture is on the chair on which the performer's hand rests. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Velykyi Khutir. Vely0585

At the home of Mykhailo Dmytrovych Koval', informant, performer, and craftsman. Natalie Kononenko models a full outfit, with skirt, shirt, belt, and beads. Also note the shirts on the chair. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Velykyi Khutir. Vely0590

The home of Mykhailo Dmytrovych Koval', informant, performer, and craftsman. This is an outside view of the house, including its yard. Note the fences and flowers. All yards are enclosed with a fence, some higher, some lower, but always a fence. Only the worst yards have no decoration in the form of flowers. The yard has flowers, while crops are further away in the field in back of the house. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Velykyi Khutir. Vely0628

The home of Mykhailo Dmytrovych Koval', informant, performer, and craftsman. This is an outside view of the house, including its yard. Note the fences and flowers. All yards are enclosed with a fence, some higher, some lower, but always a fence. Only the worst yards have no decoration in the form of flowers. The yard has flowers, while crops are further away in the field in back of the house. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Velykyi Khutir. Vely0629

The home of Oksana Fedorivna Kryvorot, DOB 1918. She is usually called Baba San'ka. She gave an excellent account of a funeral, as well as local legends. Furthermore, she is a performer and sang folk songs and ballads. In the photo with her is Mykhailo Dmytrovych Koval'. Baba San'ka is wearing a typical woman's summer outfit. In the background are numerous examples of material culture: rugs on the wall, rushnyky, embroidered pictures, coverlets and pillows. The multi-colored circular piece is crocheted and used either as a rug or a wall decoration, as here. Under the bought yellow and red coverlet is a bed edging which is typical and is homemade. People embroider a kind of bed trim which hangs on the bed and serves as decoration. It is not changed with the bed linens. Koval' is sitting on the prepichok, the shelf next to the stove, which is often used as a sleeping area in the winter. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Velykyi Khutir. Vely0630

Home of Oksana Fedorivna Kryvorot, DOB 1918. Pictured is a view of the bed with the coverlet, bed trim, and pillows. Pillows in this area are embroidered on the edge only. That way, one does not sleep on the embroidery, but when the pillows are stacked in the daytime, the embroidery shows. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Velykyi Khutir. Vely0631

Home of Oksana Fedorivna Kryvorot, DOB 1918. The skrynia, or wedding chest, which Baba San'ka brought with her when she married is pictured. Above it is an embroidered picture with a rushnyk over it and a family photo. A curtain covers the doorway, and on the floor are the home-woven rag rugs which are typically used on floors (bought tufted rugs are used on walls, not floors). Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Velykyi Khutir. Vely0632

Home of Oksana Fedorivna Kryvorot, DOB 1918. The shirts made by Baba San'ka are on display. She tends to make the tops out of heavy, natural linen and to use a lighter weight fiber on the bottom, the part that gets covered by the skirt, for comfort. Ukraine -- Cherkas'ka oblast' --Drabivs'kyi raion -- Velykyi Khutir. Vely0633

Home of Oksana Fedorivna Kryvorot, DOB 1918. Baba San'ka is showing the shelf on top of the stove and the kittens that her cat has delivered there. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Vovchyk. Vely0634

Home of Oksana Fedorivna Kryvorot, DOB 1918. Baba San'ka and Natalie Kononenko on the shelf on top of the stove. The stove's construction is evident - the shelf is a prime sleeping area in the winter, as it is especially warm. A curtain covers it, as curtains cover most things. There is a rag rug on the bottom, with duvets and pillows on top, making the hard clay surace of the stove quite comfortable. Note also the tulle covering objects of bedding (and the crocheted rug used to hold it down). There is an embroidered picture of cats on the wall, over a picture cut from a magazine, and purchased rushnyky over that. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Vovchyk. Vely0635

Home of Oksana Fedorivna Kryvorot, DOB 1918. The skrynia, or wedding chest, of Baba San'ka, uncovered to show the details of its construction. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Vovchyk. Vely0636

Home of Shostak, Hanna Petrivna, DOB 1927. This is an outdoor shed. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Vovchyk. Vovc0638

Home of Shostak, Hanna Petrivna, DOB 1927. This is an interior of the house, showing some cloth decoration. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Vovchyk. Vovc0639

Home of Shostak, Hanna Petrivna, DOB 1927. Hanna Petrivna Shostak was an informant on life cycle material, especially funeral beliefs. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Vovchyk. Vovc0640

Home of Shostak, Hanna Petrivna, DOB 1927. Another view of Hanna Petrivna Shostak. Ukraine -- Poltavs'ka oblast' -- Lubens'kyi raion -- Vovchyk. Vovc0641