Musical features
- Unifying Traits of Music at core of Islamic world (Arab/Turkish/Persian)
- Centrality of language
- Centrality of melody
- Heterophony
- Ornament
- Modality (maqam)
- Microtonality
- Improvisation
- Rhythm and cycles
- Free rhythm forms
- Simple cycles
- Complex cycles
- Compound and other forms
- Fasil (Syria)
- Nawba (North Africa)
- Wasla (Egypt)
- Instruments
- qanun (a trapazoidal plucked zither)
- 'ud (a fretless plucked lute)
- nay (a reed flute)
- Western violin
- folk instruments
- Theory
- Practice
- Arab-Persian
- Shajarian