Difference between revisions of "Periodization of Islamicate history"
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Key dates in medieval Arab-Islamic history: | Key dates in medieval Arab-Islamic history: | ||
| − | *c. 570 Birth of the Prophet Muhammad in Mecca | + | *c. 570 Birth of the '''Prophet Muhammad''' in Mecca |
*c. 610 Qur'anic revelations begin. | *c. 610 Qur'anic revelations begin. | ||
| − | *622 Prophet transfers to Madina (start of Hijri calendar). First Muslim community. | + | *622 '''Hijra'''. Prophet transfers to Madina (start of Hijri calendar). First Muslim community. |
| − | *632 Death of the Prophet. al-Khulafa' al-Rashidun ("Rightly-guided caliphs") rule from Madina. Conquest of Syria, Palestine, Egypt, Iran, Afghanistan. Rise of musical patronage and the "Old Arabian" school. | + | *632 Death of the Prophet. '''al-Khulafa' al-Rashidun''' ("Rightly-guided caliphs") rule from Madina. Conquest of Syria, Palestine, Egypt, Iran, Afghanistan. Rise of musical patronage and the "Old Arabian" school. |
| − | *661 Mu'awiyah establishes the Umayyad Caliphate and transfers the imperial capital to Damascus. Conquest of most of Spain. Musical patronage continues. | + | *661 Mu'awiyah establishes the '''Umayyad Caliphate''' and transfers the imperial capital to Damascus. Conquest of most of Spain. Musical patronage continues. |
| − | *750 Abbasid dynasty, based at Baghdad. "Golden age of Arabic literature" as well as music; Bayt al-Hikma translation movement (Caliph Ma'mun, 830), Caliph Harun al-Rashid. Influence from Hellenic and Near Eastern cultures. Musical treatises flourish alongside high musical culture, featuring famed musicians of 9th cenutry: Ibrahim al-Mawsili, Ishaq al-Mawsili, Ibrahim al-Mahdi. | + | *750 '''Abbasid dynasty''', based at Baghdad. "Golden age of Arabic literature" as well as music; Bayt al-Hikma translation movement (Caliph Ma'mun, 830), Caliph Harun al-Rashid. Influence from Hellenic and Near Eastern cultures. Musical treatises flourish alongside high musical culture, featuring famed musicians of 9th cenutry: Ibrahim al-Mawsili, Ishaq al-Mawsili, Ibrahim al-Mahdi. |
| − | * 756 ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Mu‘awiya escapes Abbasids to al-Andalus establishing the Umayyad Marwanid dynasty of Cordoba (756-912). Ziryab appears from Baghdad, revolutionizing Andalusian music. Development of muwashshah and zajal forms. | + | * 756 ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Mu‘awiya escapes Abbasids to al-Andalus establishing the '''Andalusian Umayyad Marwanid dynasty''' of Cordoba (756-912). '''Ziryab''' appears from Baghdad, revolutionizing Andalusian music. Development of muwashshah and zajal forms. |
* 912 Abd al-Rahman III, takes power in al-Andalus, establishing competing caliphate. Golden age of Andalusia flourishes. Baghdad declines. | * 912 Abd al-Rahman III, takes power in al-Andalus, establishing competing caliphate. Golden age of Andalusia flourishes. Baghdad declines. | ||
| − | * 969 The Fatimids conquer Egypt and establish Cairo as the center of yet another Caliphate. | + | * 969 The '''Fatimids''' conquer Egypt and establish Cairo as the center of yet another Caliphate. |
* 11th century: conquest of Arabic-speaking dynasties by Turkic and Berber groups. First Crusades. | * 11th century: conquest of Arabic-speaking dynasties by Turkic and Berber groups. First Crusades. | ||
| − | * 13th century: rise of Mamluke dynasties (ruling slave class) in Egypt and Levant | + | * 13th century: rise of '''Mamluke''' dynasties (ruling slave class) in Egypt and Levant |
* 1258. Mughals (Mongols) destroy Baghdad, formally end Abbasid caliphate | * 1258. Mughals (Mongols) destroy Baghdad, formally end Abbasid caliphate | ||
* 1492. Fall of last Muslim city of Andalusia (Granada) | * 1492. Fall of last Muslim city of Andalusia (Granada) | ||
Revision as of 02:30, 16 January 2008
Key dates in medieval Arab-Islamic history:
- c. 570 Birth of the Prophet Muhammad in Mecca
- c. 610 Qur'anic revelations begin.
- 622 Hijra. Prophet transfers to Madina (start of Hijri calendar). First Muslim community.
- 632 Death of the Prophet. al-Khulafa' al-Rashidun ("Rightly-guided caliphs") rule from Madina. Conquest of Syria, Palestine, Egypt, Iran, Afghanistan. Rise of musical patronage and the "Old Arabian" school.
- 661 Mu'awiyah establishes the Umayyad Caliphate and transfers the imperial capital to Damascus. Conquest of most of Spain. Musical patronage continues.
- 750 Abbasid dynasty, based at Baghdad. "Golden age of Arabic literature" as well as music; Bayt al-Hikma translation movement (Caliph Ma'mun, 830), Caliph Harun al-Rashid. Influence from Hellenic and Near Eastern cultures. Musical treatises flourish alongside high musical culture, featuring famed musicians of 9th cenutry: Ibrahim al-Mawsili, Ishaq al-Mawsili, Ibrahim al-Mahdi.
- 756 ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Mu‘awiya escapes Abbasids to al-Andalus establishing the Andalusian Umayyad Marwanid dynasty of Cordoba (756-912). Ziryab appears from Baghdad, revolutionizing Andalusian music. Development of muwashshah and zajal forms.
- 912 Abd al-Rahman III, takes power in al-Andalus, establishing competing caliphate. Golden age of Andalusia flourishes. Baghdad declines.
- 969 The Fatimids conquer Egypt and establish Cairo as the center of yet another Caliphate.
- 11th century: conquest of Arabic-speaking dynasties by Turkic and Berber groups. First Crusades.
- 13th century: rise of Mamluke dynasties (ruling slave class) in Egypt and Levant
- 1258. Mughals (Mongols) destroy Baghdad, formally end Abbasid caliphate
- 1492. Fall of last Muslim city of Andalusia (Granada)
- c. 1500: rise of Ottoman and Safavid empires (Ottomans date to 1299)
