Difference between revisions of "Musical acoustics"
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= DiscoverE = | = DiscoverE = | ||
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| + | ''Ethnomusicology'' is the field that studies music of the whole world. | ||
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| + | Around the world, one finds a wide range of instruments and sounds....sounds are connected to places and people who live there. | ||
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| + | Our project '''Folkways in Wonderland''' provides a "video game" approach to exploring this world. | ||
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| + | I've brought a few musical instruments to show you today. We want to hear them, learn how they're used, how they're studied, and how they make the sounds they produce. | ||
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| + | * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wY1EMwDeaBw Shakuhachi] from [http://maps.google.com/maps?q=japan&hl=en&ll=36.173357,138.339844&spn=71.585039,151.347656&sll=4.039618,34.453125&sspn=83.401023,151.347656&t=p&z=3 Japan] | ||
| + | * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K9Dh1gXEVxs Mbira] from [http://maps.google.com/maps?q=zimbabwe&hl=en&ll=4.039618,34.453125&spn=83.401023,151.347656&sll=26.74561,30.9375&sspn=77.154661,151.347656&t=p&z=3 Zimbabwe] | ||
| + | * Several instruments from Egypt... | ||
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| + | Now, let's travel to [http://maps.google.com/maps?q=egypt&hl=en&ll=26.74561,30.9375&spn=77.154661,151.347656&sll=37.0625,-95.677068&sspn=36.452734,75.673828&t=p&z=3 Egypt]. | ||
== Some instruments of Egypt == | == Some instruments of Egypt == | ||
| − | * Kawala (a short end-blown reed flute, open on both ends) | + | * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2P1ga8LkB70 Kawala] (a short end-blown reed flute, open on both ends) |
* Nay (like a kawala, but longer) | * Nay (like a kawala, but longer) | ||
* Toora (cymbals, beaten together) | * Toora (cymbals, beaten together) | ||
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* Daff (a frame drum) | * Daff (a frame drum) | ||
| + | == Sufi performances == | ||
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| + | Many of these instruments are used in mystical Islamic (Sufi) music, as in this [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xTZejinVr_w staged performance]. | ||
| − | Here | + | Here are some of these instruments performed in a real religious ritual called [http://vimeo.com/20411385 hadra]. Name the instruments you see. Which instruments didn't appear? |
| − | Which | ||
== Classification of musical instruments by vibration dimension and material == | == Classification of musical instruments by vibration dimension and material == | ||
| − | [https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Hornbostel%E2%80%93Sachs Hornbostel-Sachs] | + | Musical instruments can be classified by vibration material and dimension according to a system devised by Erich Moritz von Hornbostel and Curt Sachs in 1914. It is known as the [https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Hornbostel%E2%80%93Sachs Hornbostel-Sachs] system of musical instrument classification. |
* Idiophones: the whole instrument vibrates (3D) | * Idiophones: the whole instrument vibrates (3D) | ||
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* Aerophones: an air column vibrates (1D) | * Aerophones: an air column vibrates (1D) | ||
| − | + | In this [http://learningobjects.wesleyan.edu/vim/ Virtual instrument museum], all the instruments are organized according to the Hornbostel-Sachs system. | |
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| + | How do these classes of instruments make musical sounds? Here are some animations. Note how vibrations in more than one dimension get very complicated! | ||
* [http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/TuningFork/ Idiophone: tuning fork] | * [http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/TuningFork/ Idiophone: tuning fork] | ||
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* [http://www.phys.unsw.edu.au/jw/fluteacoustics.html Aerophone: open flute] | * [http://www.phys.unsw.edu.au/jw/fluteacoustics.html Aerophone: open flute] | ||
| − | + | Slow motion videos demonstrate the complex vibrations of percussion instruments: | |
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| − | Slow motion videos: | ||
[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=STSWLX23xqc&feature=autoplay&list=PL6ADD47E1536F5C35&index=22&playnext=2 snare drum] | [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=STSWLX23xqc&feature=autoplay&list=PL6ADD47E1536F5C35&index=22&playnext=2 snare drum] | ||
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| − | + | == Your turn....how would you classify the instruments I brought today? == | |
* Kawala | * Kawala | ||
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* Oud | * Oud | ||
* Tabla | * Tabla | ||
| − | * Daff | + | * Daff |
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= General acoustics = | = General acoustics = | ||
Latest revision as of 22:04, 20 July 2011
Contents
DiscoverE
Ethnomusicology is the field that studies music of the whole world.
Around the world, one finds a wide range of instruments and sounds....sounds are connected to places and people who live there.
Our project Folkways in Wonderland provides a "video game" approach to exploring this world.
I've brought a few musical instruments to show you today. We want to hear them, learn how they're used, how they're studied, and how they make the sounds they produce.
- Shakuhachi from Japan
- Mbira from Zimbabwe
- Several instruments from Egypt...
Now, let's travel to Egypt.
Some instruments of Egypt
- Kawala (a short end-blown reed flute, open on both ends)
- Nay (like a kawala, but longer)
- Toora (cymbals, beaten together)
- Oud (fretless lute)
- Tabla (an hour-glass shaped drum)
- Daff (a frame drum)
Sufi performances
Many of these instruments are used in mystical Islamic (Sufi) music, as in this staged performance.
Here are some of these instruments performed in a real religious ritual called hadra. Name the instruments you see. Which instruments didn't appear?
Classification of musical instruments by vibration dimension and material
Musical instruments can be classified by vibration material and dimension according to a system devised by Erich Moritz von Hornbostel and Curt Sachs in 1914. It is known as the Hornbostel-Sachs system of musical instrument classification.
- Idiophones: the whole instrument vibrates (3D)
- Membranophones: a membrane vibrates (2D)
- Chordophones: a string vibrates (1D)
- Aerophones: an air column vibrates (1D)
In this Virtual instrument museum, all the instruments are organized according to the Hornbostel-Sachs system.
How do these classes of instruments make musical sounds? Here are some animations. Note how vibrations in more than one dimension get very complicated!
Slow motion videos demonstrate the complex vibrations of percussion instruments:
Your turn....how would you classify the instruments I brought today?
- Kawala
- Nay
- Toora
- Oud
- Tabla
- Daff
General acoustics
http://www.falstad.com/mathphysics.html
http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/SoundsOfWaveforms/
http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/TheSoundOfSineWaves/
http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/OutgoingWavesGeneratedByAPulsatingSource/
Musical acoustics
https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Musical_acoustics
http://www.phys.unsw.edu.au/music/
http://www.audiosonica.com/en/course/post/2/Index
http://www.physics.umd.edu/deptinfo/facilities/lecdem/misc/phys102/index.htm
http://www.phys.cwru.edu/ccpi/
http://www.fortunecity.com/tinpan/lennon/362/english/acoustics.htm
http://www.acoustics.salford.ac.uk/feschools/index.htm
One dimensional vibrations
Classification
https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Hornbostel%E2%80%93Sachs
Chordophones
http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/TheVibratingString/
http://www.falstad.com/mathphysics.html
Aerophones
http://www.phys.unsw.edu.au/jw/flutes.v.clarinets.html
Two dimensional vibrations
Membranophones
http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/VibrationsOfARectangularMembrane/
http://www.falstad.com/mathphysics.html
http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/ChladniFigures/
