MCSN Tuesday, 25-Oct-11

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  • Note:
    • Repeat quiz on Thursday, either to replace or average with last quiz (your choice)
    • Draft proposals are also due Thursday
    • 4.8 due today
    • Open Quiz#2.paj

  • Review of quiz and chapter 3 concepts
    • It's very important that you understand this material! Please see me if you do not.
    • Density
      • # lines divided by # possible lines
      • Cannot exceed 100%
    • Degree
      • indegree and outdegree
      • total degree: sum over all vertices
      • average degree...
      • ...and a neat trick for computing total and average degree (e.g. if all you know is there are 8 vertices and 8 lines...)
    • Components
      • criteria: (a) violate no one-way streets; (b) do not visit any vertex twice.
        • path (a,b)
        • semipath (not a, b)
        • walk (a, not b)
        • semiwalk (not a, not b)
      • weak
        • a subnet is weakly connected if each pair of vertices is connected by a semipath
        • a weak component is a maximal weakly connected subnet
        • find it by tracing all the vertices semipath-reachable from a particular vertex V
      • strong
        • a subnet is strongly connected if each pair of vertices is connected by a path
        • a strong component is a maximal strongly connected subnet
        • find it by tracing all the vertices path-reachable from a particular vertex V, which can also reach V
      • components never overlap
      • components cover the network
      • components therefore define a partition
      • Giant component formation
        • Play with Pajek: 100 vertices, vary the number of arcs. How many components are there? How big are they? You'll notice with more than 100 arcs that a large component arises.
        • Try this beautiful simulation which illustrates giant component formation in a random graph.
    • K-cores
      • The k-core is a maximal subnet in which every vertex is degree k or greater.
      • k-cores "nest": the 0-core contains the 1-core, which contains the 2-core, which contains the 3-core
      • k-cores are not necessarily connected
      • a partition is defined by assigning each vertex to its maximum k-core.
      • this partition cannot be computed from degree information alone!
      • find the k-core by locating a vertex of degree k or more, then checking if at least k neighbors could be included in the k-core.
      • OR: find the k-core by deleting vertices of degree less than k, then repeating.
    • Complete networks, triads and cliques
      • Complete networks
        • A complete network is 100% dense
        • A complete triad is a triangular complete network ("bone")
        • Complete triads may overlap
        • The set of complete triads ("skeleton") may have several components
        • Each component is considered a "social circle"
        • Complete triads do not form a partition
        • A partition can be generated by counting, for each vertex, how many triads include it
      • Cliques
      • A clique is a maximal complete subnetwork
      • Cliques may overlap
      • Cliques need not cover the network
      • Cliques generally do not form a partition
  • Balance and cluster theory (ch 4)