Difference between revisions of "Iraqi maqam"
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Listen to [https://drive.google.com/folderview?id=0B_NwEe7NUzq6YkdwUl9FcUNuOUE&usp=sharing Touma's example: 01 Al-Maqam Al-Iraqi _ Maqam Urfah and a Bastah] | Listen to [https://drive.google.com/folderview?id=0B_NwEe7NUzq6YkdwUl9FcUNuOUE&usp=sharing Touma's example: 01 Al-Maqam Al-Iraqi _ Maqam Urfah and a Bastah] | ||
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other links: | other links: | ||
| − | http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3G7VW1RMks | + | * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3G7VW1RMks video 1][http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B5ms-nim8lc video 2] |
| + | * [http://iraqimaqam.blogspot.ca/ blog on Iraqi maqam] | ||
Revision as of 10:05, 25 September 2014
Iraqi Maqam cycle: al-maqam al-`iraqi
Note that the Iraqi maqam is a broader concept than the Egypto-Levantine concept of maqam. The latter is a modal concept, whereas the former goes beyond mode to encompass an entire compound form.
General points. Urban tradition of Baghdad, Mosul, Kirkuk. Oral tradition over 400 years; more recently taught in conservatories. Features Persian and Ottoman influences. Many important Jewish musicians emigrated to Israel. Most famous performer of 20th c: Muhammad al-Qabanji (attended 1932 conference)
Singer: qari’ al-maqam, sometimes supported by the pastaji chorus.
Instrumental ensemble. al-Tchalghi al-Baghdadi. Comprised of joza (fiddle), santur (hammer dulcimer), tabla or dombek, deff. Note Persian musical influence here.
Poetry: classical qasida, or colloquial Iraqi (zuhayri).
Form
Fasl (plural: fusul): sequence of maqams, named after 1st. There are five fusul: bayat, hijaz, rast, nawa, husayni. Each fasl lasts several hours. (Note that the Ottoman suite form is called fasil.)
Each maqam comprises the following sections:
- Instrumental intro
- Tahrir: vocal like layali, establishes the maqam, using stock phrases in Arabic, Persian, Turkish, Kurdish, Hebrew. Concludes with dialog between vocalist and instruments (muhasaba), closes with taslim. [Sometimes a vocal piece called badwa takes the place of the tahrir.]
- Maqam: presented incrementally, with poetry. Some are metered, others aren’t. Highest section is called miyana. Singer improvises. Concludes with taslim
- Bastah: postlude, metered. Precedes next maqam in sequence.
Listen to Maqam Humayoun, performed by the Ensemble al-Tchâlghî Al-Baghdâdî, featuring solo singer Hussein al-A`dhami with the following form:
(a) Muqaddimat Hijaz, metric intro; (b) taqsim: santur; (c) Maqam Humayoun, in free rhythm. Poem by Abbas ibn al-Ahnaf (d. 807), friend of Caliph Harun al-Rashid, who evokes suffering of lovers' separation; (d) Peste, "He hasn't come for 2 days" (song)
Listen to Touma's example: 01 Al-Maqam Al-Iraqi _ Maqam Urfah and a Bastah
other links:
