Difference between revisions of "Inshad dini"

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(Traditional Arabic inshad dini)
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Examples, mostly from Egypt:
 
Examples, mostly from Egypt:
  
* [http://www.fwalive.ualberta.ca/~michaelf/MR/Chanting%20devotion/Islamic/Cue%205.mp3 Ibtihalat]. Performed by Shaykh Taha al-Fashni, probably the most famous mubtahil of the 20th c. Here
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* Ibithalat
ibtihalat is based entirely on poetry. The recording is different from the dawn-prayer style heard above.
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** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-bVC6PJrBUc Sung poetic supplications (ibtihalat)], from Egypt.
From Sono Cairo 67028/601.
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** [http://www.fwalive.ualberta.ca/~michaelf/MR/Chanting%20devotion/Islamic/Cue%205.mp3 More ibtihalat]. Performed by Shaykh Taha al-Fashni, probably the most famous mubtahil of the 20th c. Here ibtihalat is based entirely on poetry. The recording is different from the dawn-prayer style heard above. From Sono Cairo 67028/601.
  
 
* [http://www.fwalive.ualberta.ca/~michaelf/MR/Chanting%20devotion/Islamic/Cue%206.mp3 Tawashih diniyya]. Performed by Shaykh Muhammad al-Fayyumi and his bitana (chorus). Tawashih
 
* [http://www.fwalive.ualberta.ca/~michaelf/MR/Chanting%20devotion/Islamic/Cue%206.mp3 Tawashih diniyya]. Performed by Shaykh Muhammad al-Fayyumi and his bitana (chorus). Tawashih
involve alternation between solo and chorus; the former improvisatory, the latter more precomposed and
+
involve alternation between solo (munshid) and chorus (bitana); the former improvisatory, the latter more precomposed and quasi-metric. From Sono Cairo 75113/461. This style was responsible for training many performers, who started out in the bitana.  
quasi-metric. From Sono Cairo 75113/461.
 
 
 
* Perhaps the most famous Islamic poem of all time (and perhaps the most widely known poem in any language) is the Burda of Sharaf al-Din al-Busiri (1211–1294) [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8WWJWkvFlZ0&feature=PlayList&p=02EB2122E639BDE5&index=19 Here's a traditional recitation of the Burda in Pakistan.]
 
  
 
* Mawlid. Listen to a typical [http://www.fwalive.ualberta.ca/~michaelf/MR/Chanting%20devotion/Islamic/Mawlid%20example/Mawlid.mp3 mawlid] and read the associated [http://www.fwalive.ualberta.ca/~michaelf/MR/Chanting%20devotion/Islamic/Mawlid%20example/Mawlid%20notes.jpg album notes].  
 
* Mawlid. Listen to a typical [http://www.fwalive.ualberta.ca/~michaelf/MR/Chanting%20devotion/Islamic/Mawlid%20example/Mawlid.mp3 mawlid] and read the associated [http://www.fwalive.ualberta.ca/~michaelf/MR/Chanting%20devotion/Islamic/Mawlid%20example/Mawlid%20notes.jpg album notes].  
  
The mawlid is a celebration of the Prophet Muhammad's birth, including devotional singing; it is frequently recited in the mystical orders of Islam, the turuq Sufiyya - in this case the Hamidiyya Shadhiliyya order of Egypt.
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The mawlid is a celebration of the Prophet Muhammad's birth, including devotional singing; it is frequently recited in the mystical orders of Islam, the turuq Sufiyya - in this case the Hamidiyya Shadhiliyya order of Egypt. There are many mawlid texts, comprising poetry and prose; they can be chanted or sung, solo or group.  Several of the famous Arabic texts are the mawlids of Barzanji, of Manawi, and the Burda of al-Busiri. They may be performed for the Prophet's Birthday (12 Rabi`a al-Awwal) or on other occasions (religious holidays, or life cycle occasions). 
  
[http://youtube.com/watch?v=5n_dikNnsS8 Here is an example from Jedda], in Saudi Arabia.
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[http://youtube.com/watch?v=5n_dikNnsS8 Here is an example of mawlid from Jedda], in Saudi Arabia.
  
 
[http://youtube.com/watch?v=Jclz7_YJI2Y Here's another, from Montreal]
 
[http://youtube.com/watch?v=Jclz7_YJI2Y Here's another, from Montreal]
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 +
Perhaps the most famous Islamic poem of all time (and perhaps the most widely known poem in any language) is a mawlid, the "Burda" of Sharaf al-Din al-Busiri (1211–1294) [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8WWJWkvFlZ0&feature=PlayList&p=02EB2122E639BDE5&index=19 Here's a traditional recitation of the Burda in Pakistan.]
 +
  
 
For more information on inshad dini in Egypt, see the following:
 
For more information on inshad dini in Egypt, see the following:
  
 
* [http://fp.arizona.edu/mesassoc/Bulletin/34-2/34-2%20Frishkopf.htm Inshad Dini and Aghani Diniyya in Twentieth Century Egypt: A Review of Styles, Genres, and Available Recordings], an article from MESA Bulletin
 
* [http://fp.arizona.edu/mesassoc/Bulletin/34-2/34-2%20Frishkopf.htm Inshad Dini and Aghani Diniyya in Twentieth Century Egypt: A Review of Styles, Genres, and Available Recordings], an article from MESA Bulletin

Revision as of 15:34, 1 October 2015

Traditional Inshad Dini ("religious hymnody") = Islamic religious hymnody; sometimes known simply as inshad, nashid (nasheed, nasyid) or anashid.

Traditional Arabic inshad dini

The words "musiqa" or "ghina'" are avoided for religious material such as inshad, adhan, tilawa, du`a'.

The performer of inshad or nashid (nasheed) is called a munshid, and if specialized is a respected religious figure. Performance centers on a religious poem, performed using local musical resources, but not recognized as music. Often musical instruments are avoided also. Inshad draws upon languages and dialects around the world; it is meaning (rather than text) which is crucial (unlike Qur'an or adhan). Yet Arabic always retains its special sacred status (and sometimes Arabic terminology comes to acquire a religious meaning outside the Arab world, e.g. the word "qasida" (Ar. poem) which comes to mean "religious poem" in SE Asia.

The most common poetic themes are:

  • ibtihalat or du`a': supplications to God
  • tasbih or tamjid or takbir: glorification of God
  • madih or na`t: devotional praise to the Prophet Muhammad
  • wa`z: exhortations directed to the listener
  • qisas: narratives, usually sira nabawiyya (stories of the Prophet's life, recited especially for his birthday, mawlid)
  • `ilm, fiqh, shari`a: doctrinal statements (in mnemonic form)

Despite conceptual separation, there was always a close relation between singing (ghina') and devotional forms up until the mid 20th century, since voices were honed in Qur'anic recitation and inshad, and because inshad conveyed respectability. Singers often carried the title "shaykh" as a form of religious respect. Only with commercialization and educational reform was this link broken, in the mid 20th century.

Ideological fissures:

  • degrees of separation: music and religion. What kind of "music" is appropriate in a religious context?
  • Islamic movements: reformist Islam (Salafi, Wahhabi...) and traditional Islam ("Sufi")

Examples, mostly from Egypt:

  • Ibithalat
    • Sung poetic supplications (ibtihalat), from Egypt.
    • More ibtihalat. Performed by Shaykh Taha al-Fashni, probably the most famous mubtahil of the 20th c. Here ibtihalat is based entirely on poetry. The recording is different from the dawn-prayer style heard above. From Sono Cairo 67028/601.
  • Tawashih diniyya. Performed by Shaykh Muhammad al-Fayyumi and his bitana (chorus). Tawashih

involve alternation between solo (munshid) and chorus (bitana); the former improvisatory, the latter more precomposed and quasi-metric. From Sono Cairo 75113/461. This style was responsible for training many performers, who started out in the bitana.

The mawlid is a celebration of the Prophet Muhammad's birth, including devotional singing; it is frequently recited in the mystical orders of Islam, the turuq Sufiyya - in this case the Hamidiyya Shadhiliyya order of Egypt. There are many mawlid texts, comprising poetry and prose; they can be chanted or sung, solo or group. Several of the famous Arabic texts are the mawlids of Barzanji, of Manawi, and the Burda of al-Busiri. They may be performed for the Prophet's Birthday (12 Rabi`a al-Awwal) or on other occasions (religious holidays, or life cycle occasions).

Here is an example of mawlid from Jedda, in Saudi Arabia.

Here's another, from Montreal

Perhaps the most famous Islamic poem of all time (and perhaps the most widely known poem in any language) is a mawlid, the "Burda" of Sharaf al-Din al-Busiri (1211–1294) Here's a traditional recitation of the Burda in Pakistan.


For more information on inshad dini in Egypt, see the following: