Arab Modernity and popular musical transformations: 5 themes
- Westernization and colonization: musical sound
- Rise of music media and commodification
- 1904 phonograms
- 1920s radio (1934 national radio)
- 1932 musical films: first Unshudat al-Fu’ad, starring Nadra and Shaykh Zakariya Ahmad, then Al-Warda al-Bayda, starring Muhammad Abdel Wahhab.
- Midaq Alley (film 1963 starring Shadia, setting 1940s) Watch the film from 15:00.
- Samia Gamal and Tahia Carioca and 78s
- 1980s and 90s: cassettes, CDs; Ali Hamida
- 2000s: satellite, internet and mobile distribution
- Shifts in representation of women: the male gaze in music, veiling and unveiling...
- Almaz and Abdu al-Hamuli [2][3] with accompanying text.
- Umm Kulthum
- Samia Gamal[4]
- Ruby
- Bifurcations: Religious/secular; Sufi/Salafi
- Nationalism and the media