Music and Religion (Winter 2013)

Meetings: Tuesday Tue/Thu 11:00-12:20PM Location: Tory B100

Instructor: Dr. Regula Qureshi

Office: 3-47D Arts & Convocation Hall; o Office hours: Wednesday 1-2:30PM, or by appointment; tel. Tel. 780 492-0212; regula.qureshii@ualberta.ca

Course Overview

This course explores the relationship between music and religious beliefs and practices, calling upon both ethnographic studies and theoretical perspectives. It aims at developing familiarity with a diverse range of religious, musical and socio-cultural settings through the study of scholarly literature primarily drawn from the field of ethnomusicology and through the examination of selected audiovisual examples. It also addresses a variety of theoretical approaches to the study of music and religion, and encourages students to engage in critical thinking and interpretive openness in respect of a plurality of methodological, epistemological and cultural-philosophical perspectives. In addition to the areas of inquiry and the topics selected by the instructor, students will be encouraged to undertake independent pieces of research and contribute with their interests and experience to shaping the contents, approaches and materials of the course. No formal knowledge of music history, music theory or ethnomusicology is required.

Objectives

Issues addressed will include:

- the often contested and fluid boundaries entrenching the notions of sacred and secular, and the ways in which music is involved in the relationship between them;

- critical examination of the very notions of “music” and “religion”, and their relevance to scholarly analysis as well as to the values and concepts of a number of musical cultures around the world. To what extent are music and religion separate domains? To what extent is religion distinct from law, science, ethics, aesthetics, politics?

- critical attention to the relationship between scholarly concerns and insiders' worldviews and interpretations;

- the relevance of historical, social, ideological and political contexts to musical and religious practices, concepts and meanings. How the relationship between music and religion relates to social ideologies, affecting issues of ethics, status of musicians and musical genres, social regulation and censorship.

- the relationship between religious values and/or sonic practices and the development of aesthetic paradigms and modalities of experience. To what extent is religion involved in the development of artistic expressive cultures?

- religion as relevant to politics, identity and power, and how that is manifested and articulated musically;

- the relationship between music and cosmology, religious symbolism and mythology; the relationship between music and ritual performance, sacred texts and ecstatic/mystical practices and beliefs;

- music as a site of articulation and contestation of notions of religious orthodoxy and syncretism;

- the role of music in the construction of religious meanings and experiences; what makes “religious music” religious?

- religion and popular music, media and market economy; the impact of commodification on religious/devotional music, and the role of religious music and themes in local and international music industries and in cultural and economic globalization.

Prerequisites

Undergraduates should enroll in 464; graduates should enroll in 564.

Course requirements

- Attendance and participation. Including: doing weekly readings and participating actively and pertinently in class discussions.

- Reading review. A written review of a class reading (article) of your choice (excluding the readings for your Reading presentations, see below). Your review should be of the kind usually found in scholarly journals, that is, it should be polished and well written in an academic style, accurate, and critically sharp. It should include 1) a short description/summary, 2) a discussion of the main arguments, and 3) a critical evaluation of your reviewed reading. Length of review: between 700-800 words. Reviews that do not respect this word limit will be downgraded by one full point on the letter grading scale (i.e. from A to A-, from A- to B+, etc). Likewise, unjustified late submissions will be penalized by one full point on the letter grading scale. Please submit your review both in hard copy and electronically (via email). DUE WEEK 5.

- Reading presentations. Each student will be asked to give two class presentations (duration: 10 min.)) on one individually assigned reading, and to lead class discussion. In your short presentations you should summarize your reading, identify its main argument/s, and critically assess it.

- Final research project proposal (midterm assignment). You will have to outline a written research plan focusing on

A) A musical-religious tradition/community/genre that has not been discussed in class, OR

B) A novel aspect of one musical-religious tradition/community/genre that has already been discussed in class, OR

C) A general theoretical topic (such as music & ritual, religion & musical aesthetics, etc) to be explored through the comparative examination and discussion of two or more case studies.

Your proposal will include:

1) A general description of your chosen musical-religious community/tradition/genre or topic;

2) A set of clearly defined research questions;

3) A provisional annotated bibliography (between 5 and 10 titles).

Length of proposal: 1,000 – 1,200 words for sections 1&2 + 2/3 sentences per annotated reference. Proposals that do not respect the word limit will be downgraded by one full point on the letter grading scale (i.e. from A to A-, from A- to B+, etc). Likewise, unjustified late submissions will be penalized by one full point on the letter grading scale. Please submit your proposal both in hard copy and electronically (via email). DUE WEEK 8.

- Final research project presentation. You will be presenting in class on your work-in-progress for your final research paper (duration: 15-20 min.). Use of audiovisual materials and/or Powerpoint is highly recommended for your presentation. DUE WEEKS 12, 13 and 14.

- Final research project paper: A written piece that will

1) be entirely based on scholarly literature and other written and/or audiovisual sources (that is, not based on your own fieldwork);

2) develop your research project proposal into a full-fledged research paper;

3) reference at least 10 (for undergraduates) or 15 (for graduates) scholarly sources;

Your paper should

A) clearly introduce and present the tradition or topic under consideration;

B) develop a critical discussion and assessment of scholarly sources;

C) discuss the musical-religious traditions under consideration in the light of available theories and models of interpretation.

Length of paper: 3,000-4,000 words for undergraduate students; 4,000-5,000 for graduate students. Papers that do not respect these word limits will be downgraded by one full point on the letter grading scale (i.e. from A to A-, from A- to B+, etc). Likewise, unjustified late submissions will be penalized by one full point on the letter grading scale. Please submit your proposal both in hard copy and electronically (via email). DUE On Date of Final Examination in Timetable.

Assessment

Each assignment will be marked according to the numeric scale of evaluation given below. Individual assignment marks will be combined to obtain a final numeric grade, which will be rounded so as to obtain a corresponding final letter grade as shown below.

A 4.0

A- 3.7

B+ 3.3

B 3.0

B- 2.7

C+ 2.3

C 2.0

C- 1.7

D+ 1.3

D 1.0

D- 0.7

F 0.0

The relative weight of each assignment on the overall grade is as follows:

Attendance and participation: 15%

Reading review: 10%

Reading presentations: 15% (7.5% each)

Final research project proposal (midterm): 10%

Final research project presentation: 15%

Final research paper: 35%

Resources

The only book on Music and Religion (Sacred Sounds by Guy Beck) is available in the University Bookstore and highly recommended. Most class readings will be on reserve at the Music Library or available online through the library databases. Relevant bibliographic or audiovisual materials that may not be available on reserve will be handed out in class or included in this course mediawiki page. I will use email or the course mediawiki page to post updated reading assignments and changes of schedule.

Useful journals: Ethnomusicology; Yearbook for Traditional Music (formerly Journal of the International Folk Music Council); The World of Music; African Music; Asian Music; Ethnomusicology Forum (formerly British Journal of Ethnomusicology); Selected Reports in Ethnomusicology (UCLA); History of Religions; Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion; Journal of Religion; Journal of Religion in Africa; Numen; Review of Religious Research; Sociology of Religion; Studia Islamica. Dictionaries/Encyclopedias: The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians (Grove music online); The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music; The Oxford Dictionary of World Religions; The Hutchinson Dictionary of World Religions.

Academic integrity

You should be familiar with the Code of Student Behavior as published in Section 26 of the 2009-2010 Calendar and available online at http://www.uofaweb.ualberta.ca/governance/studentappeals.cfm. “Policy about course outlines can be found in section 23.4(2) of the University Calendar”. (GFC 29 SEP 2003) “The University of Alberta is committed to the highest standards of academic integrity and honesty. Students are expected to be familiar with these standards regarding academic honesty and to uphold the policies of the University in this respect. Students are particularly urged to familiarize themselves the provisions of the Code of Student Behaviour (online at http://www.uofaweb.ualberta.ca/governance/studentappeals.cfm.) and avoid any behaviour which could potentially result in suspicions of cheating, plagiarism, misrepresentation of facts and/or participation in an offence. Academic dishonesty is a serious offence and can result in suspension or expulsion from the University.” (GFC 29 SEP 2003)

Class schedule and readings

In the list of readings for each class meeting, Reference readings indicate required readings for everyone in the class. They provide an essential background for class discussion and must be completed prior to coming to class. Assigned readings indicate individually assigned readings for class presentations.

Week 1 - Jan 8 &10: Introduction

Tuesday Introduction to the course and situating ourselves: goals, questions, special interests Thursday Religion/music as experience and as subject of study: Assignment: share an experience or connecting music/sound and religion/ spirituality Read Ninian Smart: What is Religion

Week 2 - January 15/17: Music and Religion as global concept: Scope and Approaches

Reference readings: Smart 1999; Geertz 1999; browse Bell 1997: chapter 6.

Assigned readings (for class presentations):

1. Bohlman 1997.
2. al-Faruqi 1983.
3. Peek 1994.

Week 3 - January 22/24: Music and religious ideology 1: religious sonic practices in “emic” concepts and discourses

Reference readings:

• Nasr 1997;
• Wei 1992.
• Kane 1974

Assigned readings (for class presentations):

1. Smith 1957.
2. Wulff 1983

Video Recording: The Holy Ghost People

Week 4 - January 29/31: Sacred texts: recitation, cantillation and chant

Reference readings: Lee 1999 Sells 1999: Introduction and the chapter "Hearing the Qur’an". Browse Beck 2006 chapters 3, 6) ?Assigned readings (for class presentations): 6) Shelemay & Jeffrey 1993: vol.1: pp. 1-16; vol. 2: pp. 1-9 + Music Grove Online: browse the entry “Ethiopia”: Chapter 2: Orthodox Church Music. OR 7) Music Grove Online: the entry “Jewish Music”: Chapters 3.1 and 3.2 (especially “Biblical cantillation and browse any other chapters that interest 8) Lee 1999 Audio Recordings: Beck CD tracks 15, 16, 18, 20, and browse Shelemay CD, browse

Week 5 - February 5/7: Devotion and mysticism (Urs, Sufi Inayat Khan)

Reference readings: Asani 1986; Barnes 1992 browse Friedlander & Uzel 1992: especially the chapters “Sema” and “Music”; Schultz 2002 OR 2008 Slawek 1988. ?DUE: READING REVIEW + Shiloah 1993: chapter 12.

Week 6 - February 12/14: Religion, commodification and the music market

Reference readings:

Scherzinger 1999.

Booth 2000

Assigned readings (for class presentations):

1. Chen 2005.
2. Mellers 1981.
3. Shannon 2006.

Video Recording: Film Songs

Week 8 - February 26/28: Music and ritual

Reference readings:

Bell 1997: browse chapters 1, 2 and 3

Assigned readings (for class presentations):

1) Bell 1997: chapter 4; Tuesday

2) Flanagan 1985; Thursday

3) Friedson 1996 Thursday

'Video Recording: Prophet Healers of North Malawi

DUE: FINAL RESEARCH PROJECT PROPOSAL (MIDTERM)

Week 9 - March 5/7: Music, trance and healing

Reference readings:

Becker 2004: chapter 1 (and any other parts that interest you) browse Rouget 1985.

Assigned readings (for class presentations):

1) Booker 1988. Tuesday

2) Jankowsky 2006. Thursday

3) Koen 2005. Thursday

Video Recording: Three Worlds of Bali, Tuesday

Week 10 - March 12/14: Religion, popular music and media (Maha Shivratri)

Reference readings:

Sylvan 2005: introduction and chapter 3;

Sylvan 2002: pp. 1-13 and browse chapter 1.1 (pp. 19-44).

Hagedorn 2006

Assigned readings (for class presentations):

1) Greene 1999. Thursday

2) Sarkissian 2005. Thursday

3) Sakata 1994. Tuesday

Video Recording: Sufi Music and Ecstasy (trance?), Nusrat Live at Meany. Tuesday

Week 11 - March 19/21: Music, religion and identity (Nowruz)

Class Speakers to be finalized.'

Reference readings:

Hegland 1998

Frishkopf 2001

Assigned readings (for class presentations):

1) Rappoport 2004.

2) Reed 2005.

3) Harnish 2005.

Video Recording: Taqwacore

Week 12 - March 26/28: Review and Overview (Holi)

Visiting Lecturer: Carl Urion Readings: AudioVisuals:

Week 13 - April 2/4: FINAL RESEARCH PROJECT CLASS PRESENTATIONS

==Week 14 - April 9/11:FINAL RESEARCH PROJECT CLASS PRESENTATIONS compensation for Field Event( date outside of class hours)==

Sources

Bibliography Music and Religion 2013

READINGS: al- Faruqi (1979/80) “The status of music in Muslim nations: evidence from the Arab world”, Asian Music, 12/1, 1979, 56-85. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/833797

al-Faruqi (1985) “Music, musicians and Muslim law”, Asian Music, 17/1, 1985, 13-36. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/833739

al-Faruqi (1987) “The cantillation of the Qur'ân”, Asian Music, 19/1, 1987, 2-25. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/833761

al-Faruqi (1983) “What Makes 'Religious Music' Religious? in Irwin, Joyce (ed.) Sacred Sound: Music in Religious Thought and Practice.

 ML 3865 S2 1983 y

Asani (1986) “Music and dance in the work of Mawlana Jalal al-Din Rumi.” Islamic Culture, 60/2, 1986, pp. 41-55.

  RESERVE MUSIC 64 y 

Barnes, Robert John. (1992) 'The Dervish Orders in the Ottoman Empire.' In Lifchez, R. (ed.) The Dervish Lodge: Architecture, art and Sufism in Ottoman Turkey. Berkeley: University of California Press, 33-48.

 RESERVE MUSIC 66 y

Basso (1981) “A 'Musical View of the Universe' Kalapalo Myth and Ritual as Religious Performance”, The Journal of American Folklore, 94/373, 1981, 273-291. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/540153

Beck (2006) Sacred Sound: Experiencing Music in World Religions. Waterloo, Ontario, Canada: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2006.

 ML 3921 S123 2006  y
 ML 3921 S123 2006 disc  y

Becker, Judith, Deep Listeners: Music, Emotion, and Trancing. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2004.

 ML 3838 B433 2004 y
 ML 3838 B433 2004 disc y

EBOOK: http://www.library.ualberta.ca/permalink/opac/5754278/WEBSERVER

Becker (1994) “Music and Trance”, Leonardo Music Journal, 4, 1994, 41-51. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/1513180

Bell (1997) Ritual: Perspectives and Dimensions. New Work: Oxford University Press, 1997

 BL 600 B47 1997 y
 BL 600 B47 2009 y
 EBOOK (1997) http://www.library.ualberta.ca/permalink/opac/4273250/WUAARCHIVE

Boddy (1988) “Spirits and Selves in Northern Sudan: the Cultural Therapeutics of Possession and Trance”, American Ethnologist, 15/1, 1988, 4-27. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/645483

Bohlman (1997) “World musics and world religions: whose world?”, in Lawrence E. Sullivan (ed.) Enchanting Powers: Music in the World's Religions. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1997

 ML 2900 E56 1997 y

Booker (1988) “Congregational Music in a Pentecostal Church”, The Black Perspective in Music, 16/1, 1988, pp. 30-44. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/1215125

Booth (2000) “Religion, Gossip, Narrative Conventions and the Construction of Meaning in Indian Film Songs”, Popular Music, 19/2, 2000, 125-145. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/853665

Brown, Louise. 2005. The Dancing Girls of Lahore: Selling Love and Saving Dreams in Pakistan's Pleasure District. London: The Fourth Estate.

 HQ 1745.5 Z9 L333 2005 y

Catlin-Jairazbhoy (2004) “Sacred Songs of Khoja Muslims: Sounded and Embodied Liturgy and Devotion”, Ethnomusicology, 48/2, 2004, 251-270. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/30046266

Chase Smith (1984) “The Language of Power: Music, Order, and Redemption”, Latin American Music Review, 5/2, 1984, 129-160. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/780070

Chastagner (1999) “The Parents' Music Resource Center: from information to censorship”, Popular Music, 18/2, 1999, 179-192. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/853600

Chen (2005) “Buddhist chant, devotional song, and commercial popular music: from ritual to rock mantra”, Ethnomusicology, 49/2, 2005, pp. 266-286. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/20174378

Cohen, J. (2009) ‘Hip-hop Judaica: the politics of representin’ Heebster heritage,’ Popular Music 28 (1). 1-18. (E-journals) http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0261143008001591

Cooley (2006) “Folk Festival as Modern Ritual in the Polish Tatra Mountains”, in Post, Jennifer C. (ed.) Ethnomusicology. A Contemporary Reader. New York: Routledge, 2006, 67-83.

 ML 3799 E79 2006 y

Danielson (1991) “'Min al-Mashayikh': A View of Egyptian Musical Tradition”, Asian Music, 22/1, 1990-1991, 113-127. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/834292

Doubleday, Veronica. “The Frame Drum in the MEast: Women, Musical Instruments, and Power” in Jennifer Post ed. 2006.

 ML 3799 E79 2006 y

During (1997) 'Hearing and understanding in the Islamic gnosis', The World of Music, 39/2, 1997, pp. 127-137.

 RESERVE MUSIC 38 y

During (2001) “Sufi Music and Rites in the Era of Mass Reproduction Techniques and Culture”, in Hammarlund, Anders, Tord Olsson and Elisabeth Özdalga (eds.), Sufism, Music and Society in Turkey and the Middle East. Swedish Research Institute in Istanbul, Transactions Vol. 10. London & New York: Routledge, 2001, 149-168.

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 EBOOK - http://www.library.ualberta.ca/permalink/opac/4229902/WUAARCHIVE

Eisenstein (1983) “The Mystical Strain in Jewish Liturgical Music”, in Irwin, Joyce (ed.) Sacred Sound: Music in Religious Thought and Practice. Journal of the American Academy of Religion Studies, Volume 50/1. Chico, California: Scholars Press, 1983, 35-54.

 ML 3865 S2 1983 y

Ellingson (1980) “Ancient Indian Drum Syllables and Bu Ston's Sham Pa Ta Ritual”, Ethnomusicology, 24/3, 1980, 431-452. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/851152

Erlmann (1982) ”Trance and Music in the Hausa Boorii Spirit Possession Cult in Niger”, Ethnomusicology, 26/1, 1982, 49-58. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/851401

Fast, Susan. 2001. ‘Stairway to heaven: myth, epic, ritual,’ chapter 4 in In the houses of the Holy: Led Zeppelin and the power of rock music. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 49-84.

 ML 421 L4 F37 2001 – Hold placed, 09 January 2013 (Augustana) y
 EBOOK: http://www.library.ualberta.ca/permalink/opac/4273410/WUAARCHIVE

Flanagan (1985) “Liturgy, Ambiguity and Silence: The Ritual Management of Real Absence”, The British Journal of Sociology, 36/2, 1985, 193-223. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/590801

Friedlander, Shems and Nezih Uzel (1992)The whirling dervishes being an account of the Sufi order known as the Mevlevis and its founder the poet and mystic Mevlana Jalalu'ddin Rumi. SUNY Series in Islam. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1992.

 BP 189.7 M42 F92 2003 y 

Friedson (1996) Dancing Prophets: Musical Experience in Tumbuka Healing. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996.

 ML 350 F75 1996 y 

Frishkopf (2001) “Tarab in the Mystic Sufi Chant of Egypt”, in Sherifa Zuhur (ed) Colors of Enchantment: Visual and Performing Arts in the Middle East. American University in Cairo Press, 2001.

 NX 573 C65 2001 y

Geertz (1999) “Religion as a Cultural System”, in Kessler, Gary E. (ed) Philosophy of Religion: Toward a Global Perspective. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Pub. Co., 1999, 11-20.

 BL 51 P5454 1999 y  

Goffman, Erving. Frame Analysis. (Harvard University Press, 1974)

  B 105 E9 G62 1974 (Coutts) y

Gray (1959) “An Analysis of Rgvedic Recitation”, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 22/1-3, 1959, 86-94. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/609359

Greene (1999) “Sound Engineering in a Tamil Village: Playing audio cassettes as devotional performance”, Ethnomusicology, 43/3, 1999, 459-489. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/852557

Hackett, Rosalind. 1998. ‘Charismatic/Pentecostal appropriations of media technologies in Nigeria and Ghana.’ Journal of Religion in Africa 28 (3): 258-277. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/1581571

Hagedorn, Katherine. 2006. “From this song, I consider him to be a holy man: ecstasy, musical affect, and the global consumer.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 45:4. 489-496. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/4621931

Hammarlund, Anders, Tord Olsson and Elisabeth Özdalga (2001) (eds.), Sufism, Music and Society in Turkey and the Middle East. Swedish Research Institute in Istanbul, Transactions Vol. 10. London & New York: Routledge, 2001.

 BP 189.65 M87 S84 2004 y
 EBOOK - http://www.library.ualberta.ca/permalink/opac/4229902/WUAARCHIVE

Hampton (1982) “Music and Ritual Symbolism in the Ga Funeral”, Yearbook for Traditional Music, 14, 1982, 75-105. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/768072

Hampton (1983) “The Role of Song in a Ga Ritual”, in Irwin, Joyce (ed.) Sacred Sound: Music in Religious Thought and Practice. Chico, CA: Scholars Press, 1983, 111-126.

 ML 3865 S2 1983  y

Harnish, David and Anne Rasmussen, eds. Divine Inspirations: Music and Islam in Indonesia

 ML 345 I5 D58 2011 y
 EBOOK: http://www.library.ualberta.ca/permalink/opac/5377047/WUAARCHIVE

Harnish (1988) 'Music and religion: syncretism, orthodox Islam and musical change in Lombok'. Selected Reports in Ethnomusicology, 7. UCLA: Los Angeles, 1988, 123-137.

 ML 3799 C152 v.7 1988 y
 ML 3799 C152 v.7 1988 cass  y

Harnish (1997) “Music, Myth, and Liturgy: at the Lingsar Temple Festival in Lombok, Indonesia”, Yearbook for Traditional Music, 29, 1997, 80-106. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/768299

Harnish (2005) “New Lines, Shifting Identities: Interpreting Change at the Lingsar Festival in Lombok, Indonesia”, Ethnomusicology, 49/1, 2005, 1-24. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/20174351

Hegland (1998) 'Flagellation and fundamentalism: (trans)forming meaning, identity, and gender through Pakistani women's rituals of mourning'. American Ethnologist, 25/2, 1998, 240-266. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/646694

Henry (1991) “Jogis and Nirgun Bhajans in Bhojpuri-Speaking India: Intra-Genre Heterogeneity, Adaptation, and Functional Shift”, Ethnomusicology, 35/2, 1991, 221-242. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/924734

Herbst (1981) “Intrinsic Aesthetics in Balinese Artistic and Spiritual Practice”, Asian Music, 13/1, 1981, 42-52. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/834085

Hill (1982) “Ritual Music in Japanese Esoteric Buddhism: Shingon Shomyo”, Ethnomusicology, 26/1, 1982, 27-39. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/851399

Idel (1997) “Conceptualizations of Music in Jewish Mysticism”, in Sullivan, Enchanting Powers.

 ML 2900 E56 1997 y 

Irwin, Joyce. Sacred sound: music in religious thought and practice

 ML 3865 S2 1983 y

Jairazbhoy (1975) “An interpretation of the 22 Srutis”, Asian Music, 6/1-2, 1975, 38-59. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/833842

Jankowsky (2006) “Black Spirits, White Saints: Music, Spirit Possession, and Sub-Saharans in Tunisia”, Ethnomusicology, 50/3, 2006, 373-410. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/20174467

Jules-Rosette (1980) “Ceremonial Trance Behavior in an African Church: Private Experience and Public Expression”, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 19/1, 1980, 1-16. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/1386013

Kane, Stephen M. Ritual Possession in a Southern Appalachian Religious Sect. Journal of American Folklore vol. 87 1974:293-3-2. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url= http://www.jstor.org/stable/538966

Kapchan (2002) “Possessing Gnawa Culture: Displaying Sound, Creating History in an Unofficial Museum”, Music and Anthropology: Journal of Musical Anthropology of the Mediterranean. http://umbc.edu/MA/index/number7/kapchan/kap_00.htm

Karve, I.1962. "On the Road. A Maharashtrian Pilgrimage," Journal of Asian Studies 13-29. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2049906

Keil, Charles and Stephen Feld. Music Grooves. University of Chicago Press, 1994

 ML 60 K26 1994 y

Kilson (1981) “Prayer and Song in Ga Ritual”, Journal of Religion in Africa, 12/1, 16-19. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/1581011

Koen (2005) “Medical Ethnomusicology in the Pamir Mountains: Music and Prayer in Healing”, Ethnomusicology, 49/2, 2005, 287-311. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/20174379

Lausevic (1996) “The ilahiya as a symbol of Bosnian Muslim national identity”, in Slobin, Amrk (ed.) Retuning Culture. Musical Changes in Central and Eastern Europe. Durham: Duke University Press, 1996.

 ML 240.5 R48 1996 y  

Lee (1999) “Technology and the Production of Islamic Space: the Call to Prayer in Singapore”, Ethnomusicology, 43/1, 1999, 86-100. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/852695

Lewisohn (1997) “The Sacred Music of Islam: Sama' in the Persian Sufi Tradition”, British Journal of Ethnomusicology, 6, 1997, 1-33. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/3060828

Li, Lisha, “The Symbolization Process of Shamanic Drums Used by the Manchus and Other Peoples of North Asia”, Yearbook for Traditional Music, 24, 1992, 52-80. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/768470

Manasseh (2004) “Religious Music Traditions of the Jewish-Babylonian Diaspora in Bombay”, Ethnomusicology Forum, 13/1, 2004, 47-73. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/20184466

Marini, Stephen A. Sacred Song in America: Religion, Music, and Public Culuture (Public Expressions of Religion in America). University of Illinios Press, 2003

 ML 2911 M37 2003 y

Meizel, Katherine. A Singing Citizenry: Popular Music and Civil Religion in America,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion (2006) 45(4):497–503. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/4621932

Mellers (1981) “God, modality, and meaning in some recent songs of Bob Dylan”, Popular Music, 1, 1981, 142-157. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/853248

Miller, Mandi M. and Kenneth T. Strongman. 2002. ‘The emotional effects of music on religious experience: A study of the Pentecostal-Charismatic style of music and worship’ in Psychology of Music 30 (1): 8-27. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0305735602301004

Miyakawa, Felicia. 2005.’Introduction: God Hop’ and ‘Flow, layering, rupture, and groove,’in Five Percenter Rap: God Hop’s Music, Message, and Black Muslim Mission. Bloomington:Indiana University Press. 1-8, 73-99.

  ML 3531 M49 2005 y

Moore (1971) “The Spiritual: Soul of Black Religion”, Church History, 40/1, 1971, 79-81. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/3163108

Mu, Yang. 2012 “Music and Dance for Interment Rituals in a Chinese Village--On the Glocalization of Musical Performance for Local Religious Practice ”Ethnomusicology, 56/1, 2012, 1-13 http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5406/ethnomusicology.56.1.0001

Muller, Carol. 1999. Chapter 4 on commercialization of Nazaretha hymnody in Rituals of Fertility and the Sacrifice of Desire. In: Nazarite Women’s Performance in South Africa. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. OOO

  BX 7068.7 Z5 M85 1999 y

Nasr (1997) “Islam and Music: the legal and spiritual dimensions”, in Lawrence E. Sullivan (ed.) Enchanting Powers: Music in the World's Religions. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1997.

 ML 2900 E56 1997 y

Nekola, Anna. 2011. ‘US Evangelicals and the redefinition of worship music,’ in Mediating faiths: religion and socio-cultural change in the twenty-first century, ed. M. Bailey and G.Redden. Ashgate. 131-143. OOO

 BL 60 M43 2011 y

Neuenfeldt (1998) “Good vibrations? The 'curious' cases of the Didjeridu in spectacle and therapy in Australia”, World of Music, 40/2, 1998, 29-51.

 RESERVE MUSIC 138 y

Nooshin (2009) Music and the Play of Power in the Middle East, North Africa and Central Asia. Farnham, Surrey / Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2009.

  ML 3916 M873 2009 y

Peek (1994) “The Sounds of Silence: Cross-World Communication and the Auditory Arts in African Societies”, American Ethnologist, 21/3, 1994, 474-494. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/645917

Pegg (1995) “Ritual, Religion and Magic in West Mongolian (Oirad) Heroic Epic Performance”, British Journal of Ethnomusicology, 4, 1995, 77-99. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/3060684

Pellow (1997) 'Male Praise-singers in Accra: In the Company of Women'. Africa, 67/4, 1997, 582-601. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/1161109

Podstavsky (2004) “Hausa Entertainers and their Social Status: A Reconsideration of Historical Evidence”, Ethnomusicology, 48/3, 2004, 348-377. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/30046285

Qureshi, Regula Burckhardt 1981."Islamic Music in an Indian Environment: The Shi'a Majlis." Ethnomusicology 25, No. 147 - 71. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/850974

Qureshi, Regula Burckhardt. (1983/87) “Qawwali: Making the music happen in the Sufi assembly.” IN Performing arts in India : essays on music, dance, and drama, ed Bonnie Wade. Berkeley, Calif.: Center for South and Southeast Asia Studies, University of California, 1983. Reprint in Asian Studies. 18(2) (1987) 118-57.

  PN 2881 P43 1983 (BARD) y

Qureshi (1992/93) “Muslim Devotional: Popular Religious Music and Muslim Identity under British, Indian and Pakistani Hegemony”, Asian Music, 24/1, 1992-1993, 111-121. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/834453

Qureshi, Regula Burckhardt, “Exploring Time Cross-Culturally: Ideology and Performance of Time in the Sufi Qaww?l?.” The Journal of Musicology, Vol. 12, No. 4 (Autumn, 1994), pp. 491-528 http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/763973

Qureshi, Regula Burckhardt. 2007. Master Musicians of India: Hereditary Sarangi Players Speak. New York: Routledge

  ML 398 Q74 2007 y 

Rappoport (2004) “Ritual Music and Christianization in the Toraja Highlands, Sulawesi”, Ethnomusicology, 48/3, 2004, 378-404. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/30046286

Rasmussen (2001) “The Qur'an in Indonesian Daily Life: The Public Project of Musical Oratory”, Ethnomusicology, 45/1, 2001, 30-57. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/852633

Reed (2005) “'The Ge is in the Church' and 'Our Parents Play Muslim': Performance, Identity and Resistance among the Dan in Postcolonial Cote d'Ivoire”, Ethnomusicology, 49/3, 2005, 347-367. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/20174402

Reed, Teresa. 2003. ‘Blues lyrics: voice of religious consciousness’ and ‘Evolution of the blues preacher: sermonizing modes in black secular music’ in The Holy Profane: Religion and Black Popular Music. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press. 39-62, 113-148.

  ML 3479 R42 2003 y

Romanowski, William. 2000. ‘Evangelicals and popular music,” in Religion and popular culture in America, ed. B. Forbes and J. Mahan. Berkeley, University of California Press. 105-24. (CamTools) OOO

  BL 2525 R4613 2000 y

Rommen, Timothy “Mek some noise”: Gospel music and the ethics of style in Trinidad. Berkkeley: University of California Press, 2007.

  ML 3187 R66 2007 y
  EBOOK: http://www.library.ualberta.ca/permalink/opac/5771607/WUAARCHIVE

Rosowsky (1933/34) “The Music of the Pentateuch. Analytical Theory of Biblical Cantillations.” Proceedings of the Musical Association, 60th session, 1933-1934, 38-66. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrma/60.1.39

Rouget (1985) Music and Trance: A Theory of the Relations between Music and Possession. Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press, 1985.

 ML 3920 R85 E5 1985 y

Sakata (1994) “The Sacred and the Profane: Qawwali represented in the performances of Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan”, The World of Music, 36/3, 1994, 86-99.

 RESERVE MUSIC 143 y

Sarkissian (2005) “'Religion Never Had It So Good': Contemporary Nasyid and the Growth of Islamic Popular Music in Malaysia”, Yearbook for Traditional Music, 37, 2005, 124-152. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/20464933

Schechner Richard (1988) Performance Theory Routledge Classics 2003 (1988)

  PN 2039 S32 1988 y (from BARD)
  EBOOK: http://www.library.ualberta.ca/permalink/opac/4229345/WUAARCHIVE

Scherzinger (1999) "Music, Spirit Possession and the Copyright Law: Cross-Cultural Comparisons and Strategic Speculations", Yearbook for Traditional Music, 31, 1999, pp. 102-125. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/767976

Schubel, Wayne.1993. Religious Performance in Contemporary Islam: Shia Devotional Rituals in South Asia. University of South Carolina Press.

  BP 194.5 T4 S38 1993 y

Schultz, Anna 2002. "Hindu nationalism Music and Embodiment in Marathi Rashtriya Kirtan." Ethnomusicology 46(2):1-17. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/852784

Schultz, Anna. 2008. The Collision of Genres and Collusion of Participants: Marathi Rashtriya Kirtan And the Communication of Hindu Nationalism.” Ethnomusicology 52 (1):31-51. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/20174565

Schultz, Anna. 2013. Singing a Hindu nation: Marathi devotional performance and nationalism. (Oxford University Press, 2013)

 ML 3748.7 M37 S38 2013 y

Sells (1999) Approaching the Qur'an: the early revelations. Ashland, OR: White Cloud Press, 1999.

 BP 130.4 S43 1999 y 

Shannon (2006) “Sultans of Spin. Syrian Sacred Music on the World Stage”, in Post, Jennifer C. (ed.) Ethnomusicology. A Contemporary Reader. New York: Routledge, 2006, 17-32.

 ML 3799 E79 2006  y

Shelemay (1978) “A Quarter-Century in the Life of a Falasha Prayer”, Yearbook of the International folk Music Council, 10, 1978, pp. 83-108. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/767349

Shelemay Jeffery, and Monson (1993) “Oral and Written Transmission in Ethiopian Christian Chant”, Early Music History, 12, 1993, 55-117. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/853869

Shelemay & Jeffery (1993) (eds.), Ethiopian Christian Liturgical Chant: An Anthology. 3 vols. Madison, Wis.: A-R Editions, 1993 with CD.

 M 2160.5 E84 1993 folio v.1 y
 M 2160.5 E84 1993 folio v.2 y
 M 2160.5 E84 1993 folio disk y

Sherinian (2007) “Musical Style and the Changing Social Identity of Tamil Christians”, Ethnomusicology, 51/2, 2007, pp. 238-280. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/20174525

Shiloah (1993)The Dimension of Music in Islamic and Jewish Culture. Aldershot: Ashgate, 1993.

 ML 189 S556 1993 y  

Shringy, R.K. and P.L. Sharma. 1978 eds. and transl. Sangita ratnakara of Sarngadeva, Vol. 1. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass...

 ML 338 S246 1978 v.1 y

Slawek (1988) “Popular Kirtan in Benares: Some 'Great' Aspects of a Little Tradition', Ethnomusicology, 32/2, 1988, 77-92. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/852037

Smart (1999) “The Nature of Religion”, in Kessler, Gary E. (ed) Philosophy of Religion: Toward a Global Perspective. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Pub. Co., 1999, 2-11.

 BL 51 P5454 1999 y 

Smith (1957) “'Musicae Sacrae Disciplina': Pius XII's Encyclical on Sacred Music', The Musical Quarterly, 43/4, 1957, 461-479. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/740764

Sonneborn, Danel Atesh. 1995. Music and Meaning in American Sufism: the Ritual of Dhikr at Sami Mahal, A Chishtiyya Derived Sufi Center. PhD Dissertation, UCLA.Chs 3-6.

 ML 3197 S66 1995 y

Spencer, Jon Michael. Sacred Music of Black Religion. Augsburg Fortress Publishers, 1997.

 ML 3556 S8 1990 y

Staal (1985) “Mantras and Bird Songs”, Journal of the American Oriental Society, 105/3, 1985, 549-558. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/601529

Staal (1979) “The Meaninglessness of Ritual”. Numen, 26/1, 1979, 2-22. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/3269623

Sullivan (1997)(ed.) Enchanting Powers: Music in the World's Religions. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1997.

 ML 2900 E56 1997  y

Sultanova, Razia 2011. From Shamanism to Sufism: Women, Islam and Culture in Central Asia. London: Tauris. 2011. Ch 9, 119-144

  HQ 1735.22 S85 2011 y
  EBOOK: http://www.library.ualberta.ca/permalink/opac/5773197/WEBSERVER

Swedenburg (2002) 'Islamic hip-hop vs. Islamophobia: Aki Nawaz, Natacha Atlas, Akhenaton', in Mitchell, Tony (ed.) Global Noise: rap and Hip-Hop outside the USA. Middletown: Wesleyan University Press, 2002, 57-86.

 ML 3531 G56 2001 y

Sylvan (2002) Traces of the Spirit: the Religious Dimensions of Popular Music. New York and London: New York University Press, 2002.

 ML 3470 S97 2002 y 

Sylvan (2005) Trance Formation: The Spiritual and Religious Dimensions of Global Rave Culture. New York & London: Routledge, 2005.

 ML 3918 U53 S95 2005 y

Sylvan, Robin. 2005. ‘Popular music subcultures as religion,’ in Traces of the Spirit: The Religious Dimensions of Popular Music. New York: NYU Press. 77-82.

  ML 3470 S97 2002  y

Sylvan, Robin. 2005. ‘Stairway to heaven, highway to hell; heavy metal and metalheads,’ in Traces of the Spirit: The Religious Dimensions of Popular Music. New York: NYU Press. 152-181.

  ML 3470 S97 2002 y

Thram (2002) “Therapeutic efficacy of music-making: neglected aspect of human experience integral to performance process”, Yearbook for Traditional Music, 34, 2002, 129-138. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/3649192

Till, Rupert. 2010. ‘Lost in music: Pop cults and new religious movements,’ Chapter 1 in Pop Cult: Religion and Popular Music. London: Continuum, 2010. 1-10.

  ML 3921.8 P67 T55 2010 y
 EBOOK: http://www.library.ualberta.ca/permalink/opac/5380813/WEBSERVER

Tingey (1992) “Musical Instrument or Ritual Object? The Status of the Kettledrum in the Temples of Central Nepal”, British Journal of Ethnomusicology, 1, 1992, 103-110. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/3060729

Twitchell. James B. 2004. “One market under God: The churching of brands” (47-108) in Branded Nation: The Marketing of Megachurch, College Inc., and Museumworld. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2004

  HD 69 B7 T7596 2004 y

Walser, Robert. 1993 “Can I Play With Madness? Mysticism, Horror, And Postmodern Politics” in Running with the devil: gender, power, and madness in heavy metal. Hanover, NH:The University Press of New England. 137-172 (but especially 151-160).

  ML 3534 W29 1993 y
  EBOOK: http://www.library.ualberta.ca/permalink/opac/5783369/WUAARCHIVE

Ward, Bryan. 1998. ‘Can I get a witness?: civil rights, soul and secularization’ (ch. 5) in Just my soul responding: rhythm and blues, black Consciousness, and race relations. Berkeley: University of California Press. 173-216

  ML 3479 W37 1998 y
  EBOOK (2003): http://www.library.ualberta.ca/permalink/opac/4235395/WUAARCHIVE
  EBOOK (1998): http://www.library.ualberta.ca/permalink/opac/4361267/WUAARCHIVE

Wei (1992) “The Duality of the Sacred and the Secular in Chinese Buddhist Music: An Introduction”, Yearbook for Traditional Music, 24, 1992, 81-90.

http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/768471

Widdess (1994) “Festivals of Dhrupad in Northern India: New Contexts for an Ancient Art”, British Journal of Ethnomusicology, 3, 1994, 89-109. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/3060808

Wong & Lysloff (1991) “Threshold to the Sacred: The Overture in Thai and Javanese Ritual Performance”, Ethnomusicology, 35/3, 1991, 315-348. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/851966

Wright (2000) “I'd Sell You Suicide: Pop Music and Moral Panic in the Age of Marilyn Manson”, Popular Music, 19/3, 2000, 365-385. http://login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/853642

Wulff (1983) “On Practicing Religiously: Music as Sacred in India”, in Irwin, Joyce (ed.) Sacred Sound: Music in Religious Thought and Practice. Chico, California: Scholars Press, 1983, 149-172.

 ML 3865 S2 1983  y

Audio Recordings The Sabri Brothers – The greatest hits

 RESERVE MUSIC AV 70 y

The Sabri Brothers – Ya Habib

 RESERVE MUSIC AV 71 y

Trance Planet, volume 6 (with Nusrat Fateh)

 M 1627 T7726 2002 CD y 

Bhajan recordings (Anna Schultz).

Video Recordings The Holy Ghost People. (Peter Adair with Nathan Gerrard consultant).1966/7 http://archive.org/details/HolyGhostPeople

Three Worlds of Bali (Steve Lansing) Odyssey Series.1979. DVD

 	DS 647 B3 T531 2010 MUSIC MEDIA y

Prophet Healers of Northern Malawi. Written, edited and filmed by Steven Friedson. Seattle, Washington: University of Washington, 1989. VHS. DT 3192 T85 P76 1989 MUSIC MEDIA y

Altar of Fire. By Robert Gardner and Fritz Staal. Berkeley: University of California Extension Media Center, 1976. VHS. http://anth.alexanderstreet.com.login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/View/764089 BL 1226.82 A33 G37 1976 MUSIC MEDIA

Umm Kulthum: A Voice Like Egypt. By Michal Goldman. Waltham, MA: Filmmakers Collaborative, 1996. DVD

 ML 420 U46 Y46 2006 MUSIC MEDIA

Mystic Iran: the unseen world. By Aryana Farshad. Wellspring, 2002 DVD

 BL 2270 M9 2003 MUSIC MEDIA

The Whirling Dervishes of Turkey. By Penny Ward. World Music Institute & The Threshold Society with the Mevlevi Ensemble of the Mevlana Culture and Art Foundation, 1997 [VHS].

 M 1824 T8 W67 1997 MUSIC MEDIA

Taqwacore: The birth of Punk Islam / a film by Omar Majeed

 ML 3534.3 T175 2010 y

Sufi Music and Ecstacy, Qureshi Field Recording at Indian Sufi Shrines, 1975.

Nusrat Live at Bradford. 1985, with Rahat Ali Khan. http:Nusratoonline.com

Nusrat Live at Meany. Recital, Seattle, University of Washington http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nBYF9vkYBdU&feature=youtu.be