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Rushnyky
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Introduction

Tree-of-life Motif

Ritual Uses

Variation

Glossary

Some Major Categories

"Rushnyk Maker"

Ukrainian Traditional Folklore

Rushnyky - Glossary

Flowers and vegetation motifs:
Bluebell: fragile beauty, gentleness
Carnation: mature beauty, often used on funeral towels
Cornflower: fertility, fragile beauty
Elderberry blossom: fertility, intoxication, pleasure
Pansy: happiness, often used to represent children
Periwinkle: permanence, eternity, longevity (periwinkle is an evergreen)
Poppy: beauty, love, the intoxication of love
Pumpkin flower: fertility, fecundity, wealth, prosperity
Rose: robust beauty, vigor
Sunflower: fertility, prosperity, abundance
Kalyna: (the rowan tree): longing, healing, often used on towels for soldiers killed in battle and other unquiet dead
Oak: strength, vigor, permanence (the oak is often struck by lightening and is thus associated with the world tree, the tree that connects the underworld, this world, and heaven)
Tree of life: continuity, eternity
Wheat: prosperity, fertility, the strength of the soil
Cherries: fertility, fecundity (cherries are a motif characteristic of the Cherkasy region)
Grapes: fertility, good harvest, growth
Strawberry: fertility, good harvest, growth

Birds, animals, insects:
Cuckoo: sorrow, especially a woman lamenting the death of a family member
Eagle: masculine strength and vigor
Lark: youth, joy, vigor; often used in pairs to represent the young couple
Nightingale: beauty, longing
Peacock: beauty, prosperity
Rooster: vigor, fertility
Swan: beauty, grace, strength
Butterfly: the departure of the soul
Deer: wealth, feminine protection

Abstract motifs:
Band: continuity, eternity
Dispel: this is the term we are using from the many motifs that are at the bottom edges of towels. They are supposed to point down to the ground and take all of the evil out of the household and transfer it into the soil. The earth, it is believed, has the power to absorb evil and disperse it.
Meander: continuity; also associated with water and thus representative of fertility
Rhombus: feminine strength and vigor; birth
Three: totality, unity. The number three is associated with the Christian Trinity and with pre-Christian ideas. Almost any motif can appear in groups of three: flowers, especially roses, bands, trees of life, birds, and so forth.
Wreath-open: wedding; the future of the couple is open and their life is ahead of them
Wreath-closed: funeral; the life of the person is complete and has come full circle